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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pronouns are words that take place of the _______.
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Noun
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________ _______ Pronouns recieve the action of the
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Direct Object....
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_______ _______ Pronouns identify to whom or for whom an action is done.
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Indirect Object....
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Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns ________ the conjugated verb.
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... precede...
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When the verb is an infinitive construction (unconjugated) the object pronoun may be ________ to the infinitive or placed _______ the conjugated verb.
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... attached....
... before... |
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When the verb is _________, object pronouns may either be attached to the present participle or placed before the conjugated verb.
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... progressive...
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When both indirect and direct object pronouns are together in a sentence the _______ precedes the ________.
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...Indirect precedes Direct...
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Le and Les are changed to ___ when used with lo, la, los or las.
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se
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Me
Te Le Nos Os Les There are _______ object pronouns. |
... indirect ...
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Me
Te Lo/La Nos Os Los/Las These are _______ object pronouns. |
... direct ...
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Destination (toward, in direction of)
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Para
Ex: Mandy sale para Colombia pronto |
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Deadline or a specific time in the future (by, for)
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Para
Ex: El árbol debe estar derribado para mañana. |
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Purpose or goal + [infinitive] (in order to)
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Para
Ex: Arcadio tiene varias herramientas para cortar el árbol. |
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Purpose + [noun] (for, used for)
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Para
Ex: Clara compró la comida para la semanda. |
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Recipient (for)
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Para
Ex: Clara preparó la habitación para Pedro |
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Comparison with others or opinion (for, considering)
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Para
Ex: Para ser tan joven, Pedro ha viajado mucho. Ex: Para Mandy, viajar es un concepto muy importante |
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Employment (for)
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Pedro trabaja para una empresa internacional.
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- No Estar Para Bromas
- No Ser Para Tanto - Para Colmo - Para que sepas - Para Siempre |
- To be in no mood for jokes
- To not be so important - To top it all off - Just so you know - Forever |
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Motion or a general location (along, through, around, by)
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Por
Ex: El vecino pasó por la calle y lo saludó |
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Duration of an Action
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Por
Ex: Pedro quiere quedarse por una semana |
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Reason or motive for an action (because of, on account of, on behalf of)
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Por
Ex: Quitó el árbol por su hijo. |
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Object of a search
(for, in search of) |
Por
Ex: Arcadio fue por el serrucho. |
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Means by Which
(by, by way of, by means of) |
Por
Ex: Su hijo les llamó por teléfono. |
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Exchange or Substitution
(for, in exchange for) |
Por
Ex: Cambió el árbol grande por uno pequeño. |
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Unit of Measure (per, by)
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Por
Ex: El coche de Pedro puede ir a 150 km por hora. |
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Agent (passive voice) (by)
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Por
Ex: Los parquímetros fueron puestos por al ayuntamiento. |
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- Por allí/aquí
- Por casualidad - Por ejemplo - Por eso - Por fin - Por lo general - Por lo menos - Por lo tanto - Por lo visto - Por más/mucho que - Por otro lado/otra parte - Por primera vez - Por si acaso - Por Supuesto |
- Around there/here
- By chance/accident - For example - therefore, for that reason - Finally - In general - At least - Therefore - Apparently - No Matter how much - On the other hand - For the First Time - Just in case - Of Course |
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más/menos + [ ] + que
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[Adjective, adverb, noun]
Comparision of Inequality |
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[ ] + más/menos que
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[verb]
Comparison of Inequality |
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Before a number (or equivalent expression), more/less than is expressed with
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más/menos de
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tan + [ ] + como
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[adjective, adverb]
Comparison of Equality |
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Tanto/a(s) + [ ] + como
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[noun]
Comparison of Equality |
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[ ] + tanto como
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[verb]
Comparison of Equality |
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el/la/los/las + [ ] + más/menos + [ ] + de
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[noun]... + [adjective]
Superlative |
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mejor
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better
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peor
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worse
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mayor
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bigger
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menor
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smaller/younger
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el/la mejor
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best
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el/la peor
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worst
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el/la mayor
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biggest/oldest
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el/la menor
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smallest/youngest
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Adjectives and adverbs ending with c,g or z change spelling to __, __, or __ in the absolute superlative. Adjectives that end in r or n add _________.
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...qu, gu and c... rico - riquísimo, larga-larguísimo, feliz - felicísimo
... císimo/a. joven - jovencísimo |
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bien
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well
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mal
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badly
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Explain the uses of the Passive Se
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Passive - when the person performing the action is not stated - Singular noun = third person singular verb, plural noun = third person plural verb.
When the passive se refers to a specific person or people, the personal a is used & the verb is always singular. |
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Explain the uses of the Impersonal Se
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When the subject is indefinite.
Use third person singular verbs (él, ella, usted) Words like people, one, you, they. Signs and Warnings Ex: Se Prohíbe Fumar - No Smoking |
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Explain the use of se with unexpected events
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The person performing the action is de-emphasized, so as to imply that the incident is not his or her responsibility.
The person whom the event happened is expressed as an indirect object (me, te, le, nos, os, les) and the things that would normally be the direct object becomes the subject - verb satisfies the 'new' subject |
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Caer
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to fall, to drop
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Dañar
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to damage, to break
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olvidar
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to forget
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perder (e:ie)
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to lose
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quedar
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to be left behind
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romper
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to break
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to clarify or emphasize to whom the unexpected event occurence happened
___ + [ ] or ____ + [ ] |
a + [noun] or a + [prepositional pronoun] (in, on, etc.)
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Explain the uses of the infinitive:
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1) After other conjugated verbs - especially when there is no change in subject.
2) Verbs of perception 3) Verbs of influence with an indirect object pronoun to indicate change in subject 4) With impersonal expressions, es importante, es bueno. It is required after hay que and tener que. 5) To give instructions; No fumar, El arte de mirar - when the verb in english is used as a noun. 6) After prepositions; para, sin desde 7) Conjugated verb + preposition + infinitive i.e. de, a or en; acabar de, tratar de, aprender a, enseñar a, quedar a, tardar en 8) Deber + de + infinitive suggests probability |
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Hypothetical Statements about the future:
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Si clause =
present indicative and the main clause could be = present, future, ir a + infinitive, or command |
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Hypothetical Statements about the present
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Si clause = past subjunctive
Main Clause = Conditional |
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Hypothetical Statements about the past:
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Si Clause = Pluscuamperfecto de subjunctivo
Main Clause = Condicional Perfecto |
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Habitual Conditions and actions in the Past
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Si Clause = Imperfecto
Main Clause = Imprefecto |
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Algo
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something; anything (Indef.)
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Alguien
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Someone; somebody; anyone (indef)
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Alguno/a(s), algún
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some; any (indef)
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o...o
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either...or (indef)
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siempre
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always (indef)
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También
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also; too
Indefinite Words |
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Nada
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Nothing; not anything (negative words)
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Nadie
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no one; nobody; not anyone (negative words)
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Ni... ni
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neither... nor (negative words)
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Ninguno/a, ningún
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no; none; not any (negative words)
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Nunca, Jamás
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Never; not ever (negative words)
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Tampoco
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Neither; not either
(negative words) |
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Cualquiera
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any, anyone, whoever, whatever, or whichever
when used before a singular noun (m or f) the -a is dropped |
