Grammar

Front 1

Verbal

Back 1

A word or words functioning as a verb.

Front 2

Subject Complement

Back 2

A predicative expression that follows a linking verb and that complements the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it.

Front 3

Direct Object

Back 3

A noun phrase denoting a person or thing that is the recipient of the action of a transitive verb.

Ex: "Jimmy fed ~the dog~."

Front 4

Adverb

Back 4

A word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word-group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.

Ex: gently, quite, then, there

Front 5

Transitive verb

Back 5

A verb (or verb construction) that requires an object in order to be grammatical.

Front 6

Intransitive verb

Back 6

A verb (or verb construction) that does not require an object.

Front 7

Linking verb (copula)

Back 7

Links the subject with the complement of a sentence.

Ex: 'be'; 'become'

Front 8

Predicate

Back 8

The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject.

Front 9

Object

Back 9

The entity that is acted upon by the subject.

Front 10

Direct Object

Back 10

The receiver of action within a sentence.

Ex: "He hit the ~ball~."

Front 11

Indirect Object

Back 11

Identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed.

Ex: The instructor gave his ~students~ A's.

Front 12

Preposition

Back 12

expresses a relation to another word or element in the clause.

Ex: “the man ~on~ the platform,” “she arrived ~after~ dinner”.

Front 13

Noun Phrase

Back 13

Consists of a noun and other related words (usually modifiers and determiners) which modify the noun. It functions like a noun in a sentence.

Ex: "He is wearing ~a nice red shirt~."

Front 14

Prepositional phrase

Back 14

Consists of a preposition, object of preposition (noun or pronoun) and may also consist of other modifiers.

Ex: "The man ~in the room~ is our teacher."

Front 15

Adjective Phrase

Back 15

A group of words that functions like an adjective in a sentence. It consists of adjectives, modifiers and any word that modifies a noun or pronoun.

Ex: "The girl ~with brown hair~ is singing a song." (modifies girl)

Front 16

Adverb Phrase

Back 16

A group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence. It consists of adverbs or other words (preposition, noun, verb, modifiers) that make a group with works like an adverb in a sentence.

Ex: " He always behaves ~in a good manner~." (modifies verb behave)

Front 17

Infinitive Phrase

Back 17

Consists of an infinitive (to + simple verb) and modifiers or other words associated to the infinitive. It always functions as an adjective, adverb or a noun in a sentence.

Ex: "He likes ~to read books~." (noun/object)

Front 18

Gerund Phrase

Back 18

Consists of a gerund (verb + ing) and modifiers or other words associated with the gerund. It acts as a noun in a sentence.

Ex: "I like ~writing good essays~." (noun/object)

Front 19

Participle Phrase

Back 19

Consists of a present participle, a past participle and modifiers or other associate words. It is separated by commas. It always acts as an adjective in a sentence.

Ex: "The table, ~made of steel~, is too expensive." (modifies table)

Front 20

Absolute Phrase

Back 20

A group of words including a noun or pronoun and a participle as well as any associated modifiers.

It modifies the entire sentence. It resembles a clause but it lacks a true finite verb. It is separated by a comma or pairs of commas from the rest sentence.

Ex: "He looks sad, ~his face expressing worry~."

Front 21

Dependent Clauses (subordinate clause)

Back 21

A group of words that has both a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Ex: "Life is like a box of chocolates: you never know what you're gonna get."

Front 22

Independent Clauses

Back 22

A group of words made up of a subject and a predicate. It can stand alone as a sentence.

Ex: "I am a banana."

Front 23

Parallelism (parallel structure)

Back 23

Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.

Ex: "I don't want to live on in my work. I want to live on in my apartment"

Front 24

Faulty Parallelism

Back 24

A construction in which two or more parts of a sentence are equivalent in meaning but not parallel (or grammatically similar) in form. It most often occurs with paired constructions and items in a series.

Ex: "Annie likes to nap, rap, and eating snacks"

Front 25

Participle

Back 25

A word formed from a verb and used as an adjective or a noun.

Ex: "Looker"

Front 26

Coordinating Conjunction

Back 26

A conjunction placed between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal rank.

EX: and, but, or.

Front 27

Subordinate Conjunction

Back 27

can join a dependent clause and an independent clause so that a writer can show a relationship between one or more ideas.

Front 28

Adverbial Conjunction

Back 28

Used to join independent clauses.

Ex: however, therefore, consequently, nevertheless, and hence.

Front 29

Subjective Pronoun

Back 29

a personal pronoun that is used as the subject of a verb.

Front 30

Possessive Pronoun

Back 30

A pronoun indicating possession.

Ex: mine, yours, hers, theirs.

Front 31

Relative Pronoun

Back 31

Introduces a relative clause referring to some antecedent.

Ex: that, which, and who.

Front 32

Objective Pronoun

Back 32

Used typically as a grammatical object: the direct or indirect object of a verb, or the object of a preposition.