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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Staphylococcus (general)
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G+, coccus in singles, pairs, short chains
Facultative anaerobe Catalase + Widely distributed in environment Enzymes (Lipase, hemolysins, coagulases, etc) cause abscess formation, avoids phagocytosis w/ hyaluronidase and protein A, some beta lactamase activity Host immunity against, not good. Treatment - depends on abscess contents - may inactivate drugs. Use cephalosporins, lactamase resistant penicillins (clavulanic acid)unless its MRSA, enrofloxacin, erythromycin (if not resistant) |
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Staphylococcus intermedius
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Coagulase +
Causes otitis, pyoderma, urinary calculi in dogs. Infections in any wound |
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Coagulase +
Cows - mastitis (including peracute gangrenous mastitis) Horse- wounds, joints Chickens - bumble foot Double zone hemolysis Often resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline May use pirlimycin IMM |
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus simulans Staphylococcus xylosus Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus schleiferi |
Coagulase (-)
Usually not pathogens Found in wounds, surgical infections, UTI/cystitis (cats), mastitis epidermidis - opportunistic schleiferi - on skin saprophyticus - in urine |
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Staphylococcus hyicus
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Coagulase +/-
Non-hemolytic on sheep BA Greasy pig - exfoliative dermatitis Enters through wounds in skin - hypersensitivity, skin thickens - eventually kidney damage Autogenous bacterins beneficial for immunization against hyicus |
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Streptococcus (general)
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G+ coccus, single/pairs, long chains in abscesses, mucoid when run together
Catalase (-) Facultative anaerobe or microaerophilic Normal flora M-protein and hyaluronic acid antiphagocytic M protein inhibits complement activation and binds Fc of Abs Toxins and enzymes damage membranes, lyse RBCs Alpha, gamma hemolytics normal, betas are pathogens Treat w/ penicillin for beta hemolytics and erythromycin/ampicillin for others |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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Group A strep
Causes strep throat Not that important, but there is one flesh-eating variant |
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Streptococcus agalactiae
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Group B strep
Beta hemolytic or non-hemolytic sometimes Produces arrow on CAMP test (CAMP +) Obligate pathogen found mammary gland May cause mastitis |
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Streptococcus zooepidemicus
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Group C strep
Beta hemolytic Mucoid colony Variable M protein - so, about 15 serotypes (from diff't capsules) Dogs, horses - resp tract infections, abscesses Horses also metritis, eyes, wounds - VERY IMPORTANT for Horses Pigs - abscesses, arthritis, abortion |
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Streptococcus equi
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Group C strep
Beta hemolytic, mucoid colonies Capsulated Important herd problem - strangles in horses (may have carriers with ongoing guttural pouch infections) Has antiphagocytic distinct M protein Animals may have resistance after 1 infection |
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Streptococcus dysgalactiae
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Group C strep
Alpha or non-hemolytic Bovine mastitis |
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Streptococcus uberis
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Serologically diverse
Alpha or non-hemolytic bovine mastitis CAMP + |
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Streptococcus equisimilis
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Beta hemolytic
Non-capsulated Very widely distributed among number/species animals |
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Streptococcus suis
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Group r-S strep
Alpha or non-hemolytic 34 serotypes meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, myocarditis in swine |
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Streptococcus porcinus
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Group E strep
Beta hemolytic Swine - mandibular abscesses Greasy pig disease |
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Streptococcus canis
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Infections in neonatal dogs and cats
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Enterococcus faecalis
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Enterococcus is formerly fecal streptococci or enterococci
So... G+ See in canine ears, all animals in wounds Treat with ampicillin, secondarily sulfa/trimethoprim, Gentamicin (systemic inf) E. faecalis: Group D (strep) weak alpha or non-hemolytic Normal flora intestine |
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Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria ivanovil |
G+ rod
motile catalase + facultative anaerobe Ingestion from soil/feces,disseminated in blood stream, spreads along trigeminal nerve, Internalin allows movement across cell membranes, hemolysin, LPS, listeriolysin allows breaking out of phagosome into cell Meningoencephalitis (looks like rabies), abortion Beta hemolysis (narrow) Treat with sulfa/trimethoprim, erythromycin, oxytetracycline (difficult b/c in brain) |
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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G+ rod, alpha hemolysis, catalase neg
Non-motile Facultative anaerobe No toxins, causes hypersensitivity immune complexes, has hyaluronidase, neuraminidase (penetrates cell) Infects joints, heart, vessels, petechial hemorrhages in liver, lungs Swine: septicemia - "diamond skin dz", can vaccinate for Sheep - after docking, castration Treat with penicillin |
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Rhodococcus equi
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G+ coccoid rod
Aerobic Catalase +, mycolic acid in wall Heavy capsule Get from feces enriched soil (sometimes airborne) Virulent strains have specific plasmid Acts w/o toxins, enzymes used, survives in macrophages (b/c of mycolic acids) Causes bronchopneumonia in foals - fever, low BCS, abscesses in lungs Get CAMP-like rxn w/ C. pseudotuberculosis Increasingly resistant, use rifampin, maybe erythromycin |
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Corynebacterium (general)
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G+ small rods
Variable appearance, catalase + Are "diptheroids" Commensals of skin, mucosa Susceptible to many antibiotics - abscesses make treatment difficult |
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Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
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Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep/goats
Produces phospholipase D (exotoxin) - lyses RBCs, decreases neutrophil activity/complement activation Has lipid in cell wall (good for survival/leukotoxicity) Enters via abrasions Beta hemolysis, crumbly colonies Is bacterin/toxoid (must use in advance) |
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Corynebacterium renale
Corynebacterium pilosum Corynebacterium cystitidis |
Found genitally in cattle
Infection by urine splash Has pilus Causes pyelonephritis (cattle), urinary infections (swine) No hemolysis Flat, off-white/tan colonies |
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Bacillus anthracis
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G+ rod
aerobic/facultative spore-forming Bacillus motile except B anthracis In soil (anthracis), air, dust, water 2 virulence factors required for activity - capsule, exotoxin Exotoxin - PA + LF = lethal toxin, PA + EF = edema toxin Death due to massive bacteremia Intestinal, cutaneous, pulmonary forms No hemolysis (anthracis), most Bacillus are hemolytic Treat w/ ciprofloxacin b4 culture, then penicillin/tetracyclines if not resistant PA used in vaccine, B. cereus seen in mastitis |
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Arcanobacterium (pyogenes)
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AKA actinomyces/corynebacterium pyogenes
G+ pleomorphic rods, swollen at ends Lives in mm of nasopharynx Entrance via injury, has weak hemolysins that act as cytotoxins, get heavily encapsulated abscesses w/ anaerobic bacteria in them Cattle/sheep/swine - suppurative pneumonia/mastitis, metrits, joint inf Slow-growing (48-72hrs) colonies Beta hemolysis, catalase neg Susceptible to most antibiotics |
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Actinomyces bovis
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G+ filamentous rods
Live in mm or oral cavity Causes chronic granulomatous suppurative lesions "lumpy jaw" in cattle Suppurative mastitis in swine Treat w/ penicillin/tetracycline |
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Actinomyces viscosus
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G+ filamentous rod
In oral cavity of dogs, enters blood via wound/periodontal disease, get abscesses, fistulous tracts, pyothorax See granules in aspirate Colonies form in 3-7 days Treat with penicillin/tetracycline |
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Nocardia asteroides
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G+ filamentous rods
Partially acid fast (differentiates) Lives in soil, upon entrance to body trauma/inhalation, destroys macrophages b/c resistant to oxidative killing via a catalase and superoxide dismutase In dogs/cats pyothorax, draining lesions, in cattle - mastitis Treatment difficult - maybe imipenem |
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Dermatophilus congolensis
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G+, zoonotic
Obligate parasite on skin Get scabs with inflammatory exudates under them Cattle/horses - lesions (scabs/crusts) Sheep - lumpy wool Cats - tongue and mouth involvement Diagnose by grinding up scab, staining, looking for "railroad ties" appearance Treat with penicillin |
