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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the gram positive cocci and what tells them apart?
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1. Streptoccous: Chains, Catalase (-)
2. Staphlococcus: Clusters, Catalse (+) |
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What are the major branching/ filamentous organisms and how do you tell them apart?
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1. Actinomyces (anaerobic, not acid fast)
2. Nocardia (aerobic, acid fast) |
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What are the two subgroups of Staph?
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1. Coagulase (+)= Staph aureus
2. Coagulase (-)= S. epidermis, S. saphrophyticus. |
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How do you tell the two coagulase negative Staph species apart?
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Novobiocin sensitivity:
1. Saprophyticus is resistant 2. Epidermis is sensitive at the Staph picnic there is NO StRES |
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What are the major subdivisions of Streptococcus?
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Based on Hemolysis:
1. Alpha hemolytic (some hemolysis-green) 2. Beta hemolytic (complete hemolysis-clear) 3. Gamma hemolytic (no hemolysis) |
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What are the two alpha hemolytic strep species and how do each respond to optochin?
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1. Strep viridans (optochin resistant)
2. Strep pneumoniae (optochin sensitive) (Overpass-OVRPS) |
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What are the 2 major beta hemolytic strep and how do each respond to bacitrin?
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1. Strep pyogenes (Group A) (Bacitrin sensitive)
2. Strep agalactiae (Group B) (Bacitrin resistant) B-BRAS: Bacitrin, group B Resitant, group A Sensitive |
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What are the 3 toxin mediated diseases of Staph Aureus?
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1. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSST-1)
2. Scalded Skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) 3. Rapid onset food poisoning (preformed enterotoxin) |
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What is the major virulence factor of Staph Aureus and what does it do?
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Protein A. It binds Fc-IgG inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis.
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What is the virulence mechanism of Staph epidermis?
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It uses adherent biofilms to infect prosthetic devices and catheters. (normal flora of the skin)
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What diseases does Strep pneumoniae cause?
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MOPSS
Meningitis Otitis media Pneumonia (rusty sputum) Sinusitis Sepsis in Sickle cell Anemia or Splenectomy |
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What is the shape and virulence mechanisms of Strep Pneumoniae?
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Shape: Lancet shaped diplococci
Virulence: Capsule, IgA protease |
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What diseases does Strep Pyrogenes cause?
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1. Pyogenic: strep throat, cellulitis, impetigo
2. Toxigenic: scarlet fever, toxic-shock like syndrome 3. Immunologic: Rheumatic fever, Post-strep glomerulonephritis |
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What are the clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever?
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There is no "rheum" for SPECCulation
Subcutaneous plaques Polyarthritis Erythema marginatum Chorea Carditis (Endo) |
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What clinical disease does Strep agalactiae cause?
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Group B strep: B is for Babies
pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis in babies colonizes the vaginal so have to screen mothers before birth (to get penicillin prophylaxis) |
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Antibodies to what protein from strep pyogenes gives rise to rheumatic fever?
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M protein
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What does strep agalactiae produce that enlarges its circle of hemolysis?
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CAMP factor
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