Gram Positive Bacilli

Front 1

AEROBIC gram positive bacilli genera (5)

Back 1

corynebacterium
lactobacillus
listeria monocytogenes
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
bacillus

Front 2

Name 3 general characteristics of all Corynebacterium species:
(shape, behavior, test)

Back 2

-Club-shaped GPB
-Capable of snapping/pallisading
-Catalase positive

Front 3

What special staining morphology is unique to corynebacterium diptheriae?

Back 3

-When stained w/ methylene blue, shows metachromatic food granules that LOOK like spores

Front 4

What type of hemolysis does C. diptheriae exhibit?

Back 4

Beta; therefore it could be confused with beta streps.

Front 5

Name 2 types of growth media for culturing C. diptheriae:

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-Loeffler serum agar

-Tellurite agar

Front 6

Why is Loeffler serum agar used?

Back 6

It allows for a good staining reaction of C. diptheriae

Front 7

What is the purpose of tellurite agar?

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Isolation & differentiation of C. diphtheriae.
Differentiation: C. dipht will turn black, other colonies will remain clear/white.

Front 8

what causes diptheria?

Back 8

exotoxin produced by the organism;

coded by lysogenic phage

Front 9

List 3 symptoms of diptheria:

Back 9

-pharyngeal membrane
-edema
-fever

Front 10

how many types of corynebacterium, what are they:

Back 10

4:
-corynebacterium diptheriae
-diptheroids (12)
-Corynebacterium jeikeium
-corynebacterium urealyticum

Front 11

when does diptheria develop from a corynebacterium diptheroid strain?

Back 11

when a lysogenic phage (encoding the toxin that causes the disease) infects the bacterium.

Front 12

symptoms of diptheria

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swellign of neck, lymphadenopathy, Bull's Neck

Front 13

3 strains of colonial morphology of corynebacterium on tellurite agar:

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-gravis (very grave; severe)
-mitis (little mite; not severe)
-intermedius duh

Front 14

what is the Elek test for?

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confirming the virulence of corynebacerium diptheriae (make sure it actually is producing the toxin)

Front 15

3 steps in the diagnostic strategy for corynebacterium diptheriae

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1. doctor clues us in
2. colonial morphology on tellurite tells how virulent the strain is.
3. virulence testing (elek) confirms the virulence

Front 16

What are the diptheroids?
Where are they normal flora?

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A general group of about 12 corynebacterium species;

-Normal flora on skin/mucous memb/vagina;

Front 17

What diphtheroid is most commonly an infection causer?
Where is it normal flora?

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-Corynebacterium jeikeium

-Human skin

Front 18

What is the DPT vaccine for?

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Diphtheria and Pertussis - but should only be given to folks under 5 yrs old.

Front 19

What bacteria causes encrusted cystitis?
Explain the infection.

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C. urealyticum. It produces urease; surrounds itself w/ NH3 to combat antibiotic, results in a chronic UTI.

Front 20

what is commonly inserted into the vagina to maintain its physiology because it's such a wonderful part of the normal flora?

Back 20

lactobacillus. also common in mouth.

Front 21

lactobacillus morphology

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long, thin GPB

Front 22

lactobacillus is it a pathogen?

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rarely; in yogurt and probiotics. in the normal flora.

Front 23

two things that differentiate corynebacterium from lactobacillus:

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Coryne Lacto

Catalase positive Catalase negative
snapping no snapping
club-shaped long and thin
small/dry/white tiny/clear/alpha
beta alpha

Front 24

listeria monocytogenes gram stain

Back 24

gram positive COCCObacilli; very small so look for one

Front 25

3 basic characterist of listeria:

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1. gram stain = coccobacilli

2. weak positive catalase

3. weak B-hemolysis confuses w/ strep cuz its small/off-white/translucent too

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pathogenicity of listeria; where, to whom, what diseases?

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where; in dairy products, cold, processed meats like hot dogs.

whom: in neonates or immunocomp adults;

diseases: meningitis, septicemia

Front 27

which organism is commonly confused with weakly B-hemolytic Streps?

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listeria monocytogenes

Front 28

what is commonly confused with listeria?

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weakly B-hemolytic streps

Front 29

How specifically is Listeria similar to Strep?

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-Bile esculin positive makes you think it's enterococcus or strep D nonentero.

-Hippurate hydrolysis positive makes you think it's Strep group B

Front 30

what are 2 ways to detect motility of listeria?

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at room temp (cooler)

-hanging drop shows tumbling!!

-semi-solid stab shows umbrella!!

Front 31

What weird combo is used to treat listeria?

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amoxacillin + aminoglycoside

Front 32

positive biochem tests of listeria;

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bile esculin
catalase
hippurate hydrolysis
beta hemolysis
motility

all are positive!

Front 33

Name two basic characteristics of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

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-Long, gram pos bacilli

-Catalase negative

Front 34

What type of disease does e. rhusiopathiae cause:

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Erysipeloid - a zoonotic cellulitis in vets and butchers, that may turn to bacteremia.

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ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE IS THE ONLY GRAM POSITIVE BACILLUS TO PRODUCE:

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H2S - Hydrogen sulfide positive

Front 36

basic description of bacillus gram stain

Back 36

large gram positive bacilli with spores

Front 37

bacillus is catalase

Back 37

positive

Front 38

listeria is catalase

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weakly positive

Front 39

erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is catalase

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negative!

Front 40

corynebacterium is catalase

Back 40

positive

Front 41

lactobacillus is catalase

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negative

Front 42

all bacillus are ___ and ___ except Anthracis:

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beta hemolytic

motile

Front 43

what is the pathogen of the bacilli?

Back 43

bacillus anthracis

Front 44

what bacteria makes chains of gpb with round to oval cntral spores? looks like bamboo?

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bacillus anthracis

Front 45

What does tenacious mean?

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Colonies like to stick togehter

Front 46

what chemically makes anthracis tenacious?

Back 46

it has a protein capsule instead of glycocalyx/sugar. Thus it sticks

Front 47

hemolysis of bacillus anthracis?

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not beta like its family; its gamma!

Front 48

which bacteria has a rhizoid margin

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bacillus anthracis

Front 49

what happens when you touch the top of an anthracis colony with a needle?

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sticks to the needle like an egg-white peak cuz of the protein capsule in place of sugar

Front 50

What are three pathogenic forms of anthracis?

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-cutaneous
-pulmonary
-enteritis

Front 51

What is the main cutaneous anthrax characteristic, and another name for this form?

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Black escher - spores under the skin cause pustules which turn black.

Front 52

How is cutaneous anthrax often transmitted?

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Through handling goat hides

Front 53

How is pulmonary anthrax transmitted?
What is another name for it?

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Via inhalion of spores released during wool shearing.
Aka, Woolsorter's disease.

Front 54

least common and most likely to be fatal anthrax form:

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enteritis. From infected meat.

Front 55

what is used to treat anthrax?

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penicillin/ ciprofloxacin

Front 56

6 essentials for I.D. Anthrax:

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1. Gamma colonies
2. Large tenacious GPB with spores
3. Catalase +
4. Non-motile
5. I.D. by public health labs
6. Level 3 safety safety cab necessary

Front 57

where are saprophytic bacilli often found?

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as plate contaminants on cultures.

Front 58

type of hemolysis of Saprophytic bacillus

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Beta, like almost all other bacilli, except anthracis

Front 59

bacillus cereus causes 2 TWO! really gross things:

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-emetic food poisoning

-diarrhetic food poisoning

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What are the 2 main differences between emetic and diarrhetic food poisoning?

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The incubation times and associated foods.
-Emetic: 1-6 hr incubation, assoc. w/ fried rice. -Diarrhetic: 6-24 hr incubation, assoc. w/ meats and sauces.