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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of gram-negative rods?
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Large group of non-spore forming bacteria
Adapts to various env'ts virulence factors |
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What is the name of the virulence factor that is associated with gram negative rods?
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Lipopolysaccharide
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What may this endotoxin cause? (lipopolysaccharide)
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Septicemia
Fever Cardiovascular problems shock |
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What are the two categories for enteric genera in regards to their pathogenicity?
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opportunistics
True pathogens |
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What are non-enteric genera?
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Belong to three major categories based on their O2 requirements..
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What are the three major categories based on their O2 requirements?
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Aerobes
Facultative anaerobes Obligate anaerobes |
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General Characteristics of Pseudomonas?
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Gram-negative straight or curved rods
Motile, Catalase (+), Oxidase (+), Indole (-), Do not ferment sugars |
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What are the virulence factors of pseudomonas organisms?
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Protease, leukocidin, hemolysin
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How is pseudomonas transmitted?
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Nasal cavity, soil, contaminants in hospitals
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What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?
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Necrotic rhinitis and pneumonia (swine)
Green wool disease in sheep ear infections in dogs Eye and reproductive problems in horses Mastitis and abortion (cattle) |
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What are culture characteristics of P. aeruginosa?
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Grows on MacConkey agar
and has a fruity odor |
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What are the general characteristics of the Brucella species?
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Small rods, coccobacilli
Microaerophilic Catalase (+), urease (+) |
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What is Brucella abortus the cause of?
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Brucellosis (bang's disease) in cattle leads to abortion and testicular abscesses
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What bacteria is an occupational hazard for vets, butches, farmers and vet techs? and what does it cause?
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Brucella abortus
Undulant fever |
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What does B. ovis cause?
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Infertility
Epididymitis |
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What does B. canis cause?
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lympadenitis
abortion testicular atrophy |
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What does B. melitensis cause?
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Abortion
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What are the general characteristics of Bordatella species?
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Small rods or coccobacilli
Motile by peritricous flagella Oxidase (-), urease (-), Indole (-), fermentation (-) Commensal in URT of dog and pig |
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What is Bordatella bronchiseptica?
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Kennel cough(bronchopneumonia)
Causes atrophic rhinitis Young animals |
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What are the general characteristics of enterobacteriacea?
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Small gram (-) rods or coccobacilli
Motile/nonmotile Aerobic/facultative anaerobic Catalase (+), oxidase (-), fermentation (+) Part of normal flora of intestines |
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What is the mode of transmission for enterobacteriacea?
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part of the normal flora of the intestine
oro-fecal route can navel infections |
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What are the different virulence factors for enterobacteriacea?
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Complex surface antigens
Drug resistance Exotoxins Endotoxins |
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What are different types of complex surface antigens?
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Capsule/frimbrial antigen
Flagellar antigen Somatic/cell wall antigen(LPS causes endotoxic shock) |
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What are colony characteristics of Escherichia coli?
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Rough/Smooth
Dry/moist and shiny Gray/colorless on MacConkey agar: Deep red colonies |
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What does enterotoxigenic E. coli cause?
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severe diarrhea and fluid loss
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What does enteroinvasive E. coli cause?
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inflammation and ulceration of large intestinal mucosa
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What does enteropathogenic E. coli strains cause? E. coli 0157: H7
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causes hemorrhagic syndrome which may cause kidney.
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What does calf scours cause and what age can it occur?
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affects < week old calves
causes diarrhea/dehydration/death |
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What age does infectious colibacillosis occur?
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Affects neonatal calves
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What does colibacillosis of piglets cause?
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piglet sours, vomiting and distended stomach/death
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What are some characteristics of the disease, Collibasillosis of weanling pigs?
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8-12 week old piglets
Neurological signs (muscular incoordination, hind leg paralysis) High mortality rate |
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What are some characteristics of the disease or colibacillosis of lambs?
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2-3 wk old lamb
septicemia neurological signs sudden collapse |
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What are the culture characteristics of E. coli?
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isolation from feces
Fluorescent antibody technique |
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What are the general characteristics of the Salmonella species?
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motile by peritrichous flagella
aerobic/facultatively anaerobic |
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What are the two forms of Salmonella in animals?
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Septic form
Enteric form |
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What is the septic form of Salmonella?
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young animals
high fever no diarrhea neurologic signs --> high mortality rate |
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What is the enteric form of salmonella?
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Older animals
acute enteritis watery diarrhea high fever putrid odor of feces/blood/mucus in feces |
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What does S. dublin and S. typhimurium cause in cows?
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septicemia(calves)
Abortion (cows) |
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What does S. abortus equi cause?
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navel infection, septicemia
and abortion |
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What does S. pullorum and S. gallinarum cause?
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mild diarrhea/white feces (pull)
Greenish diarrhea( Gall) |
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What does S. typhimurium cause?
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Septicemia and gastroenteritis in cats and dogs (kittens, puppies)
Enteritis, Septicemia, and pneumonia (pigs) |
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What does S. Typhi cause?
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fever
diarrhea abdominal pain |
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What are the culture characteristics of Salmonellas
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Salmonella can be easily isolated from clinical specimens on:
Ordinary lab media MacConkey agar Hektoen agar |
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What are the virulence factors of Nonenteric Yersinia pestis?
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Capsular and envelope proteins
coagulase enzyme endotoxins |
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What is the bubonic plague?
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affects lymph nodes and may become septicemic plague
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What is the septicemic plague?
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Localized in the lungs
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What are general characteristics of the Klebsiella species?
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nonmotile
capsule form mucoid colonies |
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What do the klebsiella species cause?
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bovine mastitis
metritis and abortion in horses |
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What is unique about the Proteus species on a BAP?
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Has a unique swarming growth
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What are some characteristics of the Proteus species?
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Urea (+)
Non-lactose fermenting H2S (+) MacConkey agar: colorless colonies putrid odor on culture |
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What do the Proteus species cause?
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UTI, wound infections, pneuonia, septicemia in humans
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What are general characteristics of pastreurella?
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Coccobacilli/rods
aerobic/facultatively anaerobic Catalase (+), oxidase (+) Indole (+) |
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What is Pneumonic pasteurellosis?
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Pasteurella hemolytica
AKA shipping fever |
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What causes pneumonic pasteurellosis?
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Stress such as
Dehorning transport castration weaning extreme weather starvation |
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What does pneumonic pasteurellosis cause?
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High fever
anorexia dyspnea coughing nasal discharge pneumonia |
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How is pasteurella hemolytica transmitted?
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direct contact and aerosol
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How do you prevent and control pasteurella species?
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Appropriate vx
minimize stress/prophylactic drugs Early ID of sick animals quarantine of newly arrived animals gradual intro of cattle to concetrate diets good ventilation |
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What does pasteurella multicoda cause in animals?
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snuffles, pneumonia URIs in Rabbits
pneumonia (cattle) wounds caused by dog and cat bites fowl cholera (poultry): enteritis, arthritis, wound infection swine plague |
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What are the general characteristics of fusobacterium necrophorum?
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long, filamentous GNB/short rods
beaded appearance non-motile require 10% CO2 |
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How is fusobacterium necrophorum transmitted?
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aerosol inhalation
direct contact |
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What is calf diphteria?
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brown necrotic tissue in mouth
ulceration necrotic laryngitis (loud wheezing) Fucsobacterium |
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What is foot rot and what species does it affect?
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lameness, fucobacterium,
cattle and sheep |
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Liver abcesses are caused how?
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bacteria invade rumen wall
bacteria migrate to liver abscess formation in liver caused by fusobacterium |
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What can fusobacterium cause in horses?
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gangreous dermatitis of lower limbs
following prolonged exposure to damp, muddy conditions |
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What are the general characteristics of bacteroides nodosus?
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slightly curved or straight GN rods
nonmotile |
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What does contagious foot rot cause in sheep?
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weight loss
lameness detachment of large portion of hoof horn very contagious |
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How do you treat contagious foot rot?
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trim foot/ isolation of sick animals
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