Gram Negative Bacteria

Front 1

Treponema

Back 1

T. pallidum causative agent of syphilis (pathogen not yet cultured in vitro). spirochete

Front 2

Borrelia

Back 2

relapsing fever, Lyme disease, (tick borne).spirochete

Front 3

Leptospira

Back 3

leptospirosis (passed through urine/water). spirochete

Front 4

Spirochetes

Back 4

are gram negative, aerobic or fac. anaerobic, motile by axial filaments, parasitic, infect animals and humans, penicillin sensitive. Barrellia, Leptospira, Treponema

Front 5

Campylobacter

Back 5

C. jejuni causes food/milk/waterborne gastroenteritis
Helicobacter:. H. pylori causes ulcers in humans. Comma shaped or "S" shaped rigid cells, free living, isolated from water/feces, motile by polar flagella (often amphitrichous) . aerobic/microaerophil. Fecal/oral transmission

Front 6

Pseudomonas/burkholderia

Back 6

Human pathogens. often produce diffusible, flourescent pigments. metaboilize hydrocarbons
cause of burn infections, septicemia.
single rods, motile by lophotrichous flagella, found in soil, water, and plants. Highly resistant to chemicals and antibiotics, carry multiple resistance plasmids. May contaminate and survive in hospital equipment (I.V. tubing, dialysis machines, water lines etc.) Metabolizes many unusual organic compounds (jet fuel, oil, soap, disinfectants). P. aeruginosa produces serious infections in humans. Sensitive to gentamycins and silver compounds.

Front 7

Legionella

Back 7

rods, single or in pairs, fastidious, found in water and equipment which is in contact with soil and/or water mist or vapor (A/C units, cooling towers, hot water lines, humidifiers etc.) L. pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen causing a fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Sensitive to tetracyclines.

Front 8

Bordetella

Back 8

non motile bacilli, capsules formed. B. pertussis colonizes nasopharynx and trachea in humans. It is the causative agent of "whooping cough". Erythromycin sensitive. Vaccine available

Front 9

Neisseria

Back 9

aerobic/microaerophillic, diplococci, parasites of human mucous membranes,reproductive tracts, nervous system. Penicillin & cephalosporin sensitive. Pathogens include: N. gonorrhea- sexually transmitted gonococcal urethritis, N. meningitidis- meningococcal meningitis (airborne). Growth in candle jar.

Front 10

Brucella

Back 10

nonmotile coccobacilli, zoonotic (parasites of humans and animals: cattle, goats, pigs, dogs). B. melitensis produces infection known as brucellosis (undulant fever). Acquired from direct contact with animals or contaminated animal products. Other pathogens: B. abortus, B suis, B. canis. Tetracycline & streptomycin sensitive.

Front 11

ENTEROBACTERIACEA

Back 11

Also known as the "enteric bacteria", inhabit the intestines of humans and animals, many are motile, most ferment glucose, posses pili (fimbrae), may interchange plasmids, posses endotoxins. This group includes commensals, opportunistic pathogens, and primary pathogens:

Front 12

Citrobacter

Back 12

C. freundii, opportunistic pathogen
common cause of urinary tract infections, often multiply drug resistance

Front 13

Escherichia

Back 13

opportunistic pathogen. common inhabitant of intestines, E. coli used as a research tool and indicator organism for presence of fecal contamination in food and water. Ferment glucose, lactose, sucrose, some strains may cause urinary tract infections and gastroenteritis. Often the main causative agent of opportunistic/nosocomial infections. Tetracycline/erythromycin /ampicillin sensitive.

Front 14

Serratia marcescens

Back 14

opportunistic pathogen, produces red colony pigments, frequently associated with nosocomial infections. May cause urinary and serious respiratory infections in weakened hosts. May colonize catheters, saline solutions, and other similar objects. Not sensitive to ampicillin.

Front 15

Klebsiella

Back 15

opportunistic pathogen. produces distinct capsules and mucoid colonies. Frequent opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, causes pneumonias and septicemias which may be potentially fatal.

Front 16

Proteus

Back 16

opportunistic pathogen. highly motile by peritrichous flagella, form a "swarming" colony on agar media. Frequent cause of opportunistic and nosocomial urinary, wound, and respiratory infections. P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis

Front 17

Enterobacter

Back 17

opportunistic pathogen. produce capsules, mucoid colonies, are distinguished from Klebsiella sps. by various culture/biochemical tests. Cause nosocomial/opportunistic urinary and respiratory infections. E. aerogenes. cause septicemia and pneumonia

Front 18

Salmonella

Back 18

intestinal pathogen. primary pathogens, cause gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever. Incapable of lactose fermentation, produce hydrogen sulfide. Many species exist, (over 2000 varieties called serovars, I.D. by antibody testing). S. typhi, S. dublin, S. arizonae all important pathogens. Some strains are able to colonize hosts and produce carrier states (e.g. Typhoid Mary). Transmitted by fecal contamination of food and water; flies, raw milk, meats, and poultry (+ eggs). Ampicillin / Chloramphenicol / Trimethoprim sensitive. [Destroyed by boiling or cooking at temperatures above 680C (145 0F).] fecal matter of reptiles birds and human carriers

Front 19

Shigella

Back 19

intestinal pathogen. similar to Salmonella in non utilization of lactose. Pathogens include S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae. Causative agents of shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). Transmitted by same routes as Salmonella sps. Antibiotic sensitivity = [same as above].

Front 20

Yersinia Pathogens include

Back 20

intestinal pathogen. Y. pestis (flea borne bubonic plague and airborne pneumonic plague, killed 25 mill. people in europe, spread by rodent fleas, pandemic disease), Y. enterocolita (yersiniosis gastroenteritis transmitted by raw meat, vegetables and milk).Streptomycin/tetracycline sensitive.

Front 21

VIBRIONACEAE

Back 21

Comma shaped bacilli, free living in bodies of water, motile by monotrichous flagella. Two important pathogens in the genus Vibrio- V. cholerae; the causative agent of cholera (transmitted by contaminated food/water). V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificans; cause gastroenteritis - food intoxications acquired by eating raw or undercooked shellfish. fecal/oral transmission

Front 22

PASTEURELLACEAE

Back 22

rod shaped, parasitize animals and humans. Three important genera Pasteurella, Hemophilus, Gardnerella

Front 23

pasteurella

Back 23

pathogens of cattle, fowl, cats and dogs. fac. anaerobes. P multocida may cause epizoomatic infections via animal bites

Front 24

Hemophilus

Back 24

H. influenzae; may inhabit nasopharynx, vagina, and intestines in humans. Produces meningitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonias. Requires hemolyzed blood in culture medium for growth. Rifampin sensitive. Vaccine available (Hib).

Front 25

Gardnerella

Back 25

Pleomorphic, G. vaginalis is the cause of the most common vaginitis infections. not an std, results from ph changes, flora

Front 26

Bacterioides species responsible for

Back 26

serious infections following surgery, puncture wounds, and animal & human bites. Anaerobic organisms found in intestines and mouths of humans and animals. B. fragilis

Front 27

Rickettsia and Ehrlichia

Back 27

primarily arthropod borne (fleas, lice & ticks), multiply in bloodstream and cause high fevers, rashes, and collapse. Obligate intracellular parasites, non motile, pleomorphic bacteria.

Front 28

R. prowazekii & R. typhi cause

Back 28

typhus

Front 29

R. rickettsii causes

Back 29

"Rocky mountain spotted fever".

Front 30

Ehrlichia chafeensis causes

Back 30

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis
Tetracycline and doxycycline sensitive

Front 31

Chlamydia

Back 31

Pathogens of humans and birds. C. trachomatis is the leading cause of non gonococcal urethritis, (sexually transmitted) . C. psittaci causes a serious pneumonia in birds (parrot fever) which may be contracted by humans handling birds or exposed to bird droppings etc. Both Chlamydia species are sensitive to tetracyclines, / erythromycin.