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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does each agar select for...?
a. Trypticase Soy b. Luria c. Blood d. Chocolate e. MacConkey f. Colistin-nalidixic acid |
a. Non-selective
b. Non-selective c. rich medium d. Blood that has been heated to release RBCs e. Gram neg. f. Gram pos. |
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Enterobacteriaecea
a. Shape? b. Respiration c. Catalase? d. Fermentat lactose? e. Motility |
a. Rods - GNR
b. facultative anaerobe c. catalase + d. Fast e. Peritrichous flagellae (all over) |
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What are 3 conditions caused by E. Coli? Virulence factor responsible?
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1. UTI (K, O, pilin)
2. Sepsis and meningitis (K) 3. Diarrhea - toxin |
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What are the three e. coli toxins that cause diarrhea?
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1. Heat labile (plasmid) --> increase AC --> secretion
2. Heat stable (plasmid)--> guanyly cyclase --> secretion 3. EHEC (lysogenic phage) --> enterotoxin (secretion) and cytotoxin (kills cells) |
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Shigella
a. Lactose ferment? b. motility? c. oxidase? |
a. No
b. non-motile c. negative |
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What does Shigella infection cause?
How? |
Bacillary dysentary = febrile, bloody diarrhea
Lives intracellularly within epithelial cells of colonic mucosa --> secretes shiga toxin (cyto and entero) --> kills cells, leakage |
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Salmonella
a. Lactose ferment? b. motility? |
a. NO
b. Motile |
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What is one method to identify Salmonella?
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Produces hydrogen sulfide, see on plating
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What are 2 methods for classifying S. enterica?
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1. O antigen
2. H antigen - undergoes phase variation as well |
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What are 4 subspecies of s. enterica and what are these divisions based on?
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A = S. paratyphi
B = S. typhimurium C = S. choleraesius D = S. typhi, S. enteritidis Based on O antigen |
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What are 3 diseases caused by infection of S. enterica?
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1. Enterocolitis = ingest fecally-infested food --> nausea, vomiting, abd. pain
2. Bacteremia with focal adhesions --> invaded through the intestines 3. Enteric (Typhoid fever) : through Peyer's patch --> lymphatics --> eaten by macrophages --> spread to spleen and liver |
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What is the appearance of Yersenia?
Reservoir/transmission? |
Short, bipolar staining, safety pin
Rodents/fleas |
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What confers virulence of Yersenia?
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Its ability to live in macrophages by turning on genes in environments with low Ca, different temps.
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What diseases does Yersenia cause and how?
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Bubonic, Septicemic, Pneumonic plague
Flea bite --> local multiplication --> ingested by macrophages (survives) --> multiplies in LN (bubonic) --> spread to blood (septicemic), lungs (pneumonic) |
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Vibrio
a. Fermentation? b. Motility c. Reservoir d. Shape |
a. Yes
b. Single polar flagellum c. Salt water d. curved |
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What is the major disease associated with vibrio? How does it proceed?
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Vibrio cholerae
A-B toxin (lysogenic phage) A increases cAMP in GI enterocytes --> increase secretion --> diarrhea --> fluid loss can cause dehydration and death |
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What are 2 other vibrio species that are associated with human disease?
What do they cause? How are they acquired? |
1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus --> gastroenteritis, abd. pain, cramping, nausea, fever, diarrhea
2. Vibrio vulnificus --> soft tissue infections and sepsis Eating raw shellfish |
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Aeromonas
a. shape b. fermenter? c. respiration d. reservoir e. disease |
a. curved
b. yes c. facultative anaerobic d. fresh water with feces e. Diarrhea, skin infections |
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How does helicobacter pylori get its energy?
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Non fermenting
Breaks down amino acids for carbon |
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How does helicobacter pylori handle oxygen?
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Microaerophilic
catalase +, oxidase + |
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Where does helicobacter pylori reside?
What diseases can it cause? |
stomach, duodenum
Duodenal ulcer, gastric carcinoma, lymphomas |
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What enzyme is unique to helicobacter?
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urease, breaks urea --> NH4+ and CO2
Used for diagnosis, buffer pH to survive in stomach |
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Campylobacter jejuni
How does it grow best on plates? |
High CO2, low O2, 42 degrees
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Campylobacter jejuni
Energy source? |
Catalase + and oxidase +
BUT no fermentation or oxidation; gets carbons from non-carbohydrate sources |
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Campylobacter jejuni
Residence? Disease? |
Bird GI (chicken)
Gastroenteritis |
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Pseudomonas
Derive energy from? |
Aerobic respiration, glucose
oxidase and catalase + |
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Pseudomonas
What shows up in culture plates? |
pigments, pyverdin (green)
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Pseudomonas
Disease associations? |
opportunistic infections
nosocomial pneumonia, infect burn patients and cystic fibrosis patients |
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Acinetobacter
a. shape/motility b. respiration c. reservoir d. diseases |
a. coccobacillary, non motile
b. aerobic c. soil, water d. nosocomial pneumonia, skin infections after trauma (iraq) |
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Moraxella catarrhalis?
a. Respiration b. shape c. disease d. Abs |
a. aerobic, oxidase +
b. pleomorphic c. otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia d. B-lactamase, resists penicillin |
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What does H. influenzae need to grow?
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Chocolate agar
Nutritional supplementation with Factor V (NAD) and Factor X (heme) Increased CO2 |
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What is the major virulence factor of H. influenzae?
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antiphagocytic capsule
6 serotypes; type b is the most disease |
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What are 5 dieseases caused by H. influenzae?
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Bacteremia, pneumonia, facial cellulitis, otitis media, sinusitis
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What do unencapsulated H. influenzae cause?
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acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
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What does H. ducreyi do?
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chancroid - Painful ulcer on genitalia, STD
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How does Bordatella attach?
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filamentous hemagglutinins and fimbriae attach epthelial cells
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What does Bordatella cause?
How? |
Whooping cough
Secretes 3 toxins: 1. Pertussis toxin = ADP-ribsosylates AC --> increase secretions into airway 2. AC --> increase secretions 3. Tracheal cytotixin --> ciliostasis, death and sloughing of epithelium |
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Bordatella reservoir?
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Oropharynx
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What are 3 stages of Bordatella Whooping Cough?
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1. Prodromal - cough and sneeze
2. Paroxysmal - cough syndrome 3. Convalescent |
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Francisella
a. shape/motility b. How is infection passed along? c. Clinical syndrome |
a. coccobacillary/nonmotile
b. zoonotic, from animals (rabbits) c. inhalation --> pneumonia |
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Brucella
a. Acquisition b. Where do they grow in body c. syndrome |
a. zoonotic - from animals, ingestion of food
b. intracellularly, monocytes c. chronic nonfocal fever syndrome |
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Legionella
a. reservoir b. Where does it grow in body c. what does it cause |
a. water
b. intracellularly macrophages - prevents phagolysosomal fusion, acidification, resp. burst c. pneumonia |
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Neisseria meningitidis
a. shape b. respiration c. requirements for growth |
a. diplococci
b. aerobic c. chocolate agar, high CO2 |
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How can one differentiate Neisseria meningitidis from niesseria gonorrhaeae?
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meningitidis = can oxidize glucose or maltose
gonorrheoae = can oxidize only glucose |
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Where does neisseria meningitidis live?
What is its virulence factor? |
nasopharynx, throat
anti-phagocytic capsule |
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What is the reservoir for neisseria gonorrhoeae?
How is it transmitted? |
humans
STD |
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neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Virulence factors |
Pilin for attachment undergoes phase variation to avoid detection by immune system
IgA protease Lipooligosaccharide causes inflammation |
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neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Common symptoms |
Urethritis
men: prostatitis, orchitis women: cervicitis, salpingitis |
