Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
gram + rod, spore forming, non motile, catalase +
|
Bacillus anthracis
|
|
|
What kind of capsule does bacillus anthracis have?
|
poly-D glutamic acid capsule = PROTEIN capsule
|
|
|
How does the bacteria that produced a blackened necrotic eschar surrounded by edema cause this skin lesion?
|
anthrax TOXIN secreted locally --> tissue hrmohhage and necrosis
|
|
|
How is anthracis pathogenic?
|
Toxin
|
|
|
woolsorters disease
|
B. anthracis
|
|
|
What are the components of anthracis toxin?
|
PA: binds cell membranes and mediates entry of EF or LF
EF: adenylate cyclase activity rises --> increase cAMP --> edema and blocks PMN LF: cell death |
|
|
What bacteria can cause mediastinal widening?
|
Bacillus anthracis pulmonary infection
|
|
|
You are giving meds for B. anthracis infection but it's not working because bug is resistant. What is mutated causing mutation?
|
PCN G or anti-PA vaccine for treatment
Penicillinase production by bacteria PCN works by: binds PCN binding protein blocks transpeptidase cross linking activate autolytic enzymes |
|
|
gram + rod, spore forming, aerobic, motile
|
bacillus cereus
|
|
|
What bacteria can cause either emesis or diarrhea depending on the enterotoxin?
|
B. cereus
heat stabile enterotoxin - emesis heat labile enterotoxin - diarrhea |
|
|
Felix ate some fried rice grandma the day before for lunch at school and one hour later he's vomiting at school. What is the pathogenesis of this disease?
|
B. cereus heat stabile enterotoxin
|
|
|
B. cereus heat stabile enterotoxin is similar to what other bacterial toxin?
|
S. aureus enterotoxin
|
|
|
B. cereus heat labile enterotoxin is similar to what other bacterial toxin?
|
AB toxin like E. coli LT (increase cAMP --> less resorb NaCl --> diarrhea)
|
|
|
gram + rod, obligate anaerobe, non motile, spore forming
|
Clostridium perfringens
|
|
|
gas gangrene
|
C. perfringens
|
|
|
How does C. perfringens cause gas gangrene?
|
makes alpha toxin (lecithinase - a phospholipase)
|
|
|
you see gas dissecting into muscle on x-ray or CT
|
C. perfringens
|
|
|
Treatment for C. perfringens
|
cut it out or expose to oxygen
|
|
|
gram + rod, spore forming, obligate anerobe, motile
|
C. difficle
|
|
|
After a course of abx at the hospital, patient has intense diarrhea.
|
C. difficle
|
|
|
What are the two EXOtoxins that C. difficle makes?
|
Exotoxin A (enterotoxin) --> chemoattracts neutrophils to release cytokines and cause mucosal inflammation and GI fluid loss
Exotoxin B - disrupts cytoskeleton by deploymerizing actin filaments --> pseudomembranous colitis |
|
|
pseudomembranous colitis pathogenesis
|
C. difficle Exotoxin B destruction of cystoskeleton by depolymerizing actin filaments
|
|
|
The abx for C. diff can cause what notable side effects?
|
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, FLUSHING
|
|
|
MOA vancomycin
|
inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursor
|
|
|
gram + rod, spore forming, obligate anaerobe, motile, spastic paralysis
|
Clostridium tetani
|
|
|
risus sardonicus
|
clostridium tetani
|
|
|
What is the pathogenic component of clostridium tetani?
|
tetanospasmin - travels retrograde on axons of peripheral motor neurons --> blocks release of inhibitory GABA and glycine from Renshaw cell interneurons of spinal cord
|
|
|
What order does the tetani progress from in C. tetani?
|
head --> trunk --> extremities with masseter most sensitive
|
|
|
How do you prevent infection?
|
DTap (tetanus TOXOID)
|
|
|
What is the treatment for C. tetani?
|
clean wound
ANTITOXIN DTaP booster PCN, metronidazole diazepam (GABA agonist) |
|
|
What is the most common way a baby can get C. tetani?
|
cutting the umbilical cord with unsterile knife
|
|
|
gram + rod, spore forming, obligate anaerobe, motile, flaccid paralysis
|
C. botulinum
|
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of C. botulinum
|
heat-labile toxin --> blocks acetycholine release at presynaptic terminals
|
|
|
What is the most common reason why babys get Floppy Baby syndrome?
|
eating honey with C. botulinum
|
|
|
Treatment for C. botulinum
|
antitoxin
|
|
|
gram + rod, non spore forming, non motile
|
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
|
|
|
pseudomembranes, cervical lymphadenopathy
|
C. diphtheriae
|
|
|
Complication of C. diphtheriae
|
airway obstruction, myocarditis or polyneuritis
|
|
|
What are the pseudomembranes composed of?
|
WBC, bacteria and necrotic mucosa
|
|
|
black colonies on potassium tellurite
|
C. diphtheriae
|
|
|
What is the most common way a baby can get C. tetani?
|
cutting the umbilical cord with unsterile knife
|
|
|
gram + rod, spore forming, obligate anaerobe, motile, flaccid paralysis
|
C. botulinum
|
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of C. botulinum
|
heat-labile toxin --> blocks acetycholine release at presynaptic terminals
|
|
|
What is the most common reason why babys get Floppy Baby syndrome?
|
eating honey with C. botulinum
|
|
|
Treatment for C. botulinum
|
antitoxin
|
|
|
gram + rod, non spore forming, non motile
|
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
|
|
|
pseudomembranes, cervical lymphadenopathy
|
C. diphtheriae
|
|
|
Complication of C. diphtheriae
|
airway obstruction, myocarditis or polyneuritis
|
|
|
What are the pseudomembranes composed of?
|
WBC, bacteria and necrotic mucosa
|
|
|
black colonies on potassium tellurite
|
C. diphtheriae
|
|
|
treatment for C. diphtheriae
|
antitoxin, PCN or erythromycin locally, DTap Booster
|
|
|
Where is the diphtheriae toxin located?
|
bacteriophage so it's the only one that can cause systemic disease
|
|
|
gram + rod, non spore forming, tumbling motile, catalase +
|
listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Where can you find listeria after its been in the body?
|
eaten up in macrophages
|
|
|
meningitis and sepsis in NEONATES
|
listera
|
|
|
What is the only gram + with endotoxin?
|
listeria
|
|
|
What bacteria multiples in cold environments?
|
listeria
|
|
|
CSF of listeria shows
|
pleocytosis and normal glucose
|
|
|
What is the treatment of listeria?
|
ampicillin or TMP-SMX
|
|
|
MOA ampicillin
|
1. binds penicillin bind proteins
2. blocks transpeptidate of outer gram + walls great bioavail han PCN |
|
|
what is ampicillin synergistic with?
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
How does listeria obtain a second membrane?
|
Does so upon leaving host cella dn can digest this membrane with listeriolysis O bacterial toxin
|
|
|
gram +, filametous, anaerobe, yellow sulfur granules, NOT acid fast
|
A. israelii
|
|
|
A. israelii has what kind of coat?
|
eosinophilic proteinaceous
|
|
|
abscess with draining sinus tracts
|
A. israelii
|
|
|
The treatment for A. israelii can cause what kind of SE?
|
hypersensitivity rxn b/c PCN
|
|
|
gram +, beaded filament, obligate aerobe, weekly acid fast
|
Norcadia
|
|
|
pneumonia + abscess in kidney and brain + caseous granulomas
|
Norcadia
|
|
|
treatment for Norcadia
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
|
gram + clusters, catalase +, oxidase +
|
staph aureus
|
|
|
How does protein A work on staph aureus?
|
binds Fc portion of host IgG
|
|
|
What are the toxin mediated diseases of Staph aureus?
|
Toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning
|
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome?
|
TSST-1 (toxin) is a superantigen that activates excess cytokine release to lead to hypotensive shock and a blanching with pressure rash
|
|
|
scalded skin syndrome
|
staph aureus exfoliative toxin
|
|
|
found in custard or mayo left out too long
|
staph aureus heat stabile enterotoxin
|
|
|
What are the complications of scalded skin syndrome?
|
hypovolemia and secondary infection
|
|
|
Ritter syndrome
|
cut umbilical cord infected with staph aureus --> scalded skinin neonates
|
|
|
What are the infectious disease of staph auerus?
|
impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia with cavitations, acute endocarditis, meningitis, OSTEOMYELITIS, septic arthritis
|
|
|
Rx for staph
|
penicillinase-resistant PCN, vancomycin
|
|
|
leading cause of osteomyelitis in children and adults
|
staph aureus
|
|
|
gram +, catalase +, novobicin sensitive
|
staph epidermidis
|
|
|
How does staph epidermidis stick to medical devices?
|
adhesin polysac
|
|
|
Rx staph epi
|
vancomycin
|
|
|
60 days valve replacement endocarditis
|
staph epidermidis
|
|
|
gram +, catalase +, coagulase -, novobicin resistant
|
staph saprophyticus
|
|
|
MC bug other than e.coli causing young woman UTI treatment
|
staph saprophyticus - TMP-SMX
|
|
|
gram + diplococci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, optichin sensitive, + quellung
|
strep pneumoniae
|
|
|
prophylactic treatment of strep pneu
|
rifampin
|
|
|
pneumonia with rusty sputum in splenectomy patient
|
strep pneu - MOPS (meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis)
|
|
|
what is the virulence factor of strep pneumo
|
polysaccharide capsule & IgA protease
|
|
|
Rx of strep pneumo
|
PCN G, amoxicillin & vaccine
|
|
|
MCC meningitis in kids and elderly
|
strep pneumo
|
|
|
gram +, catalase -, optichin resistant, alpha hemolytic, Quellung reaction
|
viridians (strep mutans and intermdeius)
|
|
|
How does viridans bind heart valves?
|
production of extracellular dextran which adheres to fibrin
|
|
|
dental procedure and then endocarditis
|
viridans (subacute endocarditis)
|
|
|
what bacteria causes dental caries?
|
strep mutans due to bacteria fermenting sugars into lactic acid
|
|
|
Rx for viridans
|
PCN
|
|
|
gram + cocci, catalase -, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive
|
strep pyogenes
|
|
|
What are the immune mediated infections of strep pyogenes?
|
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever
|
|
|
migratory polyarthritis, wacky movements, rash, subcutaneous nodules
|
rheumatic fever
|
|
|
pathophysiology of PSGN
|
anti-streptococcal antibodies generated to form immune complex which deposit on glomerular BM
|
|
|
pathophysiology of rheumatic fever
|
cross reactivity of anti-streptococal antibodies to SELF tissue --> murmurs
|
|
|
ASO +
|
strep pyogenes
|
|
|
What are valves damaged by rheumatic fever susceptible to?
|
endocarditis by viridans or enterococci
|
|
|
M protein, bile soluble
|
strep pyogenes
|
|
|
Toxin medicated strep pyogenes disease
|
Scarlet fever, Toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis
|
|
|
strawberry tongue + sandpaper rash
|
strep pyogenes exotoxin A,B,C
|
|
|
what is the factor inducing toxic shock of strep pyogenes
|
pyrogenic exotoxin A (superantigen)
|
|
|
what is the factor inducing necrotizing fasciitis in strep pyogenes?
|
exotoxin B (protease)
|
|
|
Treatment of strep pyogenes toxin mediated infection
|
PCN G, clindamycin to block Scarlet fever
|
|
|
infectious strep pyogenes disease
|
pharyngitis, impetigo (honey crusted lesion), erysipelas, cellulitis
|
|
|
What are some virulence factors promoting spread of strep pyogenes?
|
streptokinase: changes plasminogen to plasmin
M protein: resists phagocytosis hyaluronidase: breaks down CT DNase: digests DNA |
|
|
gram + cocci, catalase -, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant
|
group B strep aka strep agalactiae
|
|
|
Most common cause of meningitis in neonate
|
group B strep - immunogenic capsule
|
|
|
How do you prevent infection in neonate?
|
prophylaxis ampicillin to mom if she is positive
|
|
|
gram + cocci, catalase -, any hemolytic, killed in NaCl
|
strep bovis
|
|
|
Colon cancer and endocarditis
|
strep bovis
|
|
|
Treatment of S. bovis
|
PCN
|
|
|
gram + cocci, catalase -, grows in bile AND NaCl
|
enterococcus faecalis
|
|
|
biliary tract infections, UTI or endocarditis
|
eneterococcus faecalis
|
|
|
Treatment of enterococci
|
vancomycin + aminoglycosides
|
|
|
2nd most common nosocomial infection
|
VRE
|
|
|
polar granules with stain deeply with aniline dye
|
C. diphtheriae
|
|
|
cysteine-tellurite agar
|
C. diphtheria
|
