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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Marfan's?
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-connective tissue disorder
-AD inheritance -Fibrillin-1 gene mutt'n (common) |
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ITP?
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-Ab's to PLT antigens (IIb/IIIa, commonly) --> increased PLT dstrct'n
-chr autoimmune disorder -Dx of exlusion (other sources of thrombocytopenia; ie, defective megakaryopoiesis would be accompanied by pancytopenia) |
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TST looks for?
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-surface protein, tuberculin (outer surf. protein), & mycolic acid
-"TST" = "PPD", stim's cell-med'd immunity -gnrt's delayed-type hypersensitivity -cell wall peptidoglycan thinner than other bact -M. tuberculosis related to G+ orgs |
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Prion Dz?
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-rapid onset!
-spongiform encephalopathy with axonal degeneration, neuronal loss, gliosis -accumulated PrP -rapidly progressive dementia, memory loss, startle myoclonus/other involuntary mvmts -EEG has high voltage slow waves -6-12mos to death |
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Lewy bodies?
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-common in Parkinson's
-slowly progressive -P.w/ visual hallucinations, delusions |
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Dementia, common causes?
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1: AD (risks = age, family Hx, __)
2: vascular dementia (multi-infarct) (risks = HTN, DM, age, atherosclerosis, cardioembolic events) |
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Huntington's pathophys?
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-trinucleotide expansion (CAG repeats)
-AD -Triad: chorea, behavioral change, dementia |
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PSP?
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-vertical gaze impairment
-dysarthria, disphagia, dementia, ataxia, extrapyramidal symptoms -slow onset -(Progressive Supranuclear Palsy) |
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Normal pulse pressure?
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-Nl ~ 40mmHg
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Increased pulse pressure?
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-increased (~80)
-arteriosclerosis, PDA |
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increased pulse pressure?
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-dcrsd = <40mmHg
-aortic stenosis, mitral valve stenosis |
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cardiogenic shock?
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-hi HR
-lo SV -hi SVR -lo CO |
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hypovolemic shock?
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-hi HR
-lo SV -hi SVR -Nl CO!! |
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septic shock?
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-hi HR
-hi SV -hi CO -lo SVR |
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exercise & CO?
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-hi HR
-hi SV -hi CO -Nl SVR!! |
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familial hypercholesterolemia?
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-disorder from defective gene encoding LDL receptor
-AD -gene dosing effect (homoZs > heteros) (worse) - |
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class Ib antiarrhythmics?
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-for V-tach
-block fast Na+ chnnls -shorten AP duration -incrs's excitt'n threshold -dcrs's excitability of hypoxic heart M -Lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide -modest suppression/sinus automaticity, AV node conduction |
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Class IIb antiarrhy's?
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--ultra short-acting beta-1 ADR blocker
--cardioselective --esmolol |
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Class IV antiarrhys?
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--Ca++ channel blockers
--dcrs/slow SA, AV nodal conduction --Diltiazem --Verapamil |
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Class Ia antiarrhys?
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--dcrs myocard excitability
--dcrs conduction velocity --dcrs contractility --dcrs automaticity --prolong ERP --block vagal stim at AV node --Disopyramide --Procainamide |
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Common side effects of ALL Tx?
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--Uric acid kidney stones (incrs uric acid prod'n from incrs'd purine bkdn during chemo)
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Glossopharyngeal N, distal location?
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--tonsillar fossa
--sensory & taste info from post. 1/3 of tongue |
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Spont speech, fluent & nonsensical?
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--Wernicke's aphasia
--"word salad" --R upper quadrantanopia (dmg to optic radiation fibers running through Wernicke's area to L visual cortex from LGN; --> R visual field defect) --Pts unaware of disability --Dmg to supr temporal gyrus (L, usually) |
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Impaired fluency?
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--Broca's aphasia ("broken speech")
--Pts often aware of deficit --> frustrated |
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Typical (older) antipsychotix?
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--Chlorpromazine, fluephenazine, haloperidol
--high potency --affinity for DR2s --EPSEs: akathisia (motor restlessness), parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, torticollis (acute dystonia w/invol. contractions of neck and freq displacement to one side) |
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Atypical (newer) antipsychotix?
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--Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetapine
--Fewer EPSEs |
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Median N, sensory?
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--palmar thumb + 2.5 fingers, radial side
--dorsal/volar: tips of 2.5 fingers + thumb |
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Median N, motor?
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--flexors of forearm
--thenar eminence --radial lumbricals |
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Carpal tunnel syndrome?
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--Compression of Median N
--Sx's: pain, parasthesias, M weakness in supplied areas |
