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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1
Name the 3 groups of minerals studied. |
1. Major Silicates
2. Carbonates 3. Oxides and Sulfides |
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2
Name the basic building block of all silicates. |
silica tetrahedron
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3
What percent of the earth's crust is made up of silicates? |
more than 90 percent
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4
How are silicates classified? |
by the way the tetrahedra are linked together; in chains or in single sheets
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5
Name 7 silicate family groups. |
1. quartz
2. feldspar 3. pyroxene 4. mica 5. amphibole 6. kaolinite 7. olivine |
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6
List the distinguishing characteristics of quartz. |
luster: glassy or greasy
cleavage: none - it exhibits chonchoidal fracture. hardness: 7 - very hard |
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7
How abundant is quartz in the earth's crust? |
it is the 2nd most abundant mineral
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8
How abundant is the feldspar family in the earth's crust? |
they are the most abundant mineral; they make up about 60 percent of the earth's crust
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9
What are 3 features shared by all feldspars? |
1. two directions of cleavage
2. a pearly luster 3. a hardness of 6 |
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10
What is the difference in the molecular structure of quartz and feldspar? |
in feldspar some of the tetrahedra have the silicon atom replaced by aluminum; this creates an electrical charge which is balanced by the addition of other metals
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11
What are the 2 major groups of feldspars? |
1. potassium
2. sodium-calcium |
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12
What is the most common potassium fledspar? |
orthoclase
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13
What are some of the characteristics of orthoclase? |
color: light salmon or light pink
cleavage: 2 surfaces; meet at right angle |
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14
What are the sodium-calcium feldspars called? |
plagioclase
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15
What are some characterjistics of plagioclase? |
color: white to gray
cleavage: 2 surfaces; meet at less than right angle; one surface has fine parallel lines called striations |
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16
List some of the characteristics of the silicate pyroxene. |
they all contain iron and magnesium
color: dark cleavage: two good cleavages hardness: between 5 and 6 |
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17
List some characteristics of the silicate mica. |
color: white to dark brown or black
cleavage: perfect; only one direction; forms sheets hardness: 2.5 |
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18
List some characteristics of the silicate amphobile. |
horneblende is most common; contains iron and magnesium
color: shiny dark green, brown or black cleavage: 2 planes meet at oblique angle hardness: 5 to 6 |
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19
List some characteristics of the silicate kaolinite. |
is an aluminum silicate
color: white cleavage: perfect; 1 direction hardness: 2 |
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20
List some characteristics of the silicate olivine. |
contains iron and magnesium
color: olive green cleavage: a glassy, shell like fracture hardness: 6.5 |
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21
Explain what a carbonite is. |
a mineral made of negatively charged carbonate ions bonded to positive metal ions.
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22
Describe the carbonate ion. |
one carbon atom covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms
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23
Name 2 common carbonate rocks. |
limestone and marble
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24
What are two common carbonate minerals? |
calcite and dolomite
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25
Describe the carbonate mineral calcite. |
calcium carbonate CaCO3
color: colorless or white cleavage: 3 planes that meet at oblique angles hardness: 3 fizzes when contacted with acid |
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26
Describe the carbonate mineral dolomite. |
calcium magnesium carbonate
hardness: 3.5 to 4 does NOT fizz when contacted by acid |
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27
What metal are the oxides and sulfides minerals known to contain? |
iron
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28
List three of the common iron containing minerals. |
1. hematite
2. magnetite 3. pyrite |
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29
What are some characteristics of hematite? |
most common iron oxide, usually red
luster: earthy cleavage: uneven fracture streak: red-brown hardness: 5 to 6 |
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30
What are some characteristics of magnetite? |
black iron oxide
it its a natural magnet hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 |
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31
What are some characteristics of pyrite? |
iron sulfide; most common sulfide mineral
color: pale brass to golden yellow hardness: about 6 known as fool's gold |
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