Grade 8 Science Ch. 5/5.2 Atoms To Minerals / Comp And Struct Of Minerals

Front 1

1

Name 5 characteristics of minerals.

Back 1

1. occurs naturally
2. is a solid
3. has definite chemical composition
4. atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern
5. it is organic

Front 2

2

What is the most common element of the earth's crust?

Back 2

Oxygen (symbol O) 46.6%

Front 3

3

What is the second most common element in the earth's crust?

Back 3

Silicon (symbol Si) 27.7%

Front 4

4

Name the 8 most common elements of the earth's crust in their order of occurrence.

Back 4

Oxygen (O), Silicon (Si), Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg)

Front 5

5

Name 3 main ways that minerals form.

Back 5

1. The MAGMA Process; example: diorite

2. The PRESSURE Process; example: horneblende schist

3. The slow evaporation of water that contains dissolved ions; example: halite

Front 6

6

What is MAGMA?

Back 6

molten rock inside the earth in which atoms, molecules and ions move freely.

Front 7

7

describe the MAGMA process for forming minerals.

Back 7

1. magma rises from deep within the earth
2. the magma cools and the atoms, ions and molecules form compounds
3. over time, molecules of the compounds mass together to form mineral grains

Front 8

8

describe the PRESSURE process for forming minerals.

Back 8

1. under high temperature and pressure, minerals break down chemically
2. very high temperature and pressure change the minerals without melting them
3. free atoms, ions and molecules recombine to form new minerals

Front 9

9

Define CRYSTAL.

Back 9

a regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces called crystal faces

Front 10

10

True or False?
All minerals have crystalline structures.

Back 10

True

Front 11

11

List 6 crystal systems.

Back 11

1. cubic
2. orthorhombic
3. tetragonal
4. triclinic
5. hexagonal
6. monoclinic

Front 12

12

Describe the cubic crystal system.

Back 12

Three equal length axes intersect at 90 degree angles

Front 13

13

Describe the orthorhombic crystal system.

Back 13

Three different length axes intersect at 90 degree angles

Front 14

14

Describe the tetragonal crystal system.

Back 14

Three axes intersect at 90 degree angles; two axes are equal length

Front 15

15

Describe the triclinic crystal system.

Back 15

Three different length axes intersect at oblique angles

Front 16

16

Describe the hexagonal crystal system.

Back 16

Three equal length axes intersect at 60 degree angles; a fourth, vertical axis can be longer or shorter than the other three.

Front 17

17

describe the monoclinic crystal system.

Back 17

Three different length axes intersect; two at 90 degree angles and the third at an oblique angle

Front 18

18

Minerals that contain the two most abundant elements, oxygen and silicon, are called ___________.

Back 18

silicates

Front 19

19

More than ____ percent of the minerals in the earth's crust are silicates.

Back 19

90

Front 20

20

What is the basic building block structure of a silicate?

Back 20

silica tetrahedron

Front 21

21

Describe the structure of a silica tetrahedron.

Back 21

Four oxygen atoms packed closely around a silicon atom.

Front 22

22

What is a crystal's tendency to split along definite planes called?

Back 22

cleavage

Front 23

23

Name 3 physical properties of a mineral that are determined by its crystalline structure.

Back 23

1. crystal shape
2. hardness
3. density

Front 24

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TITLE CARD

Back 24

Composition and Structure of Minerals