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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1
What is matter? |
Anything that has mass and volume.
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2
What is mass? |
The measure of the amount of material in an object.
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3
What is volume? |
The amount of space taken up by an object.
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4
What is weight? |
A measure of the force of gravity acting on an object.
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5
Would an object weigh more or less in outer space? |
Less
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6
Would an objects mass be more or less in outer space? |
Its mass would be the same.
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7
Define element. |
A substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
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8
Who was the English chemist that formulated the modern particle model? |
John Dalton .... about 200 years ago.
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Describe the modern particle model.
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The concept that each element is made of identical, tiny particles called atoms.
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What is the way, other than its name, that an element is identified?
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By its symbol.
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What are the two main parts of an atom?
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electrons and nucleus.
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What is the plural of nucleus?
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nuclei
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Explain how diagrams of atoms are usually shown.
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Electrons orbiting nuclei like planets around the sun.
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What are the two main particles in an atom's nucleus?
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protons and neutrons.
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State the charge of each:
proton neutron. |
proton: positive and equal to an electron's negative charge.
neutron: neutral. |
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An atom is _______ because it contains an equal number of protons and electrons.
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neutral
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The number of protons in an atoms nucleus is called the ______ ______.
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atomic number
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The _______ of an atom's protons and electrons determine its _______
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number
properties |
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Where is most of an atom's mass located?
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In the nucleus.
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How many times more mass is in a proton than in an electron?
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1836
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About how big in diameter is an atom of iron (symbol Fe)?
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25 ten-millionths of a meter
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What is the simplest atom (element)?
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Hydrogen
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How many of each does a Hydrogen atom contain:
electrons ? protons ? neutrons ? |
1 electron
1 proton 0 neutrons |
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How many of each does a Helium atom contain:
electrons ? protons ? neutrons? |
2 electrons
2 protons 2 neutrons |
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Which has the biggest mass, a proton or a neutron?
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A neutron has slightly more mass than a proton.
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Name one of the most important elements found on earth.
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Carbon (symbol C)
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How many of each are found in a Carbon atom:
electrons ? protons ? neutrons ? |
6 electrons
6 protons 6 neutrons |
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If an atom has more than 2 electrons, what is the electron cloud divided into? (two words)
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energy levels
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What is the greatest number of energy levels in any atom?
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seven
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What is the greatest number of electrons that any one energy level can hold?
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32
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What is the heaviest natural element and how many electrons does it have?
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uranium (symbol U)
92 electrons |
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List the number of electrons in each of uranium's seven energy levels from innermost to outermost.
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2
8 18 32 21 9 2 |
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Identify each lettered entry in the following diagram from the periodic table :
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a: Atomic Number
b: Symbol c: Name d: Atomic Mass |
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Atoms of an element that have different masses are called _________.
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isotopes
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The ______ _______ of any isotope is the sum of its protons and neutrons.
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mass number
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The ________ _______ of an element is the proportional average of the masses of its naturally occurring isotopes.
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atomic mass
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What is the abbreviation of atomic mass unit?
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amu
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What is the hydrogen isotope called that has 1 proton and 1 neutron in its nucleus?
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deuterium
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What is the hydrogen isotope called that has 1 proton and 2 neutrons in its nucleus?
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tritium
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Define what a compound is.
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A substance containing atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
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When do atoms tend to be most stable?
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When their outermost energy level is filled with electrons.
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How do atoms achieve a full outermost energy level if it isn't already filled?
name 3 ways |
1: by gaining electrons
2: by losing electrons 3: by sharing electrons |
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The gain, loss, or sharing of electrons forms a _______ _______ that holds atoms together in a compound.
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chemical bond
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Name the 3 main types of bonds.
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1: covalent
2: ionic 3: metallic |
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What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?
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covalent bond
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MATTER AND ATOMS
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TITLE CARD
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46
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds are a __________. |
molecule
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47
Can two atoms of the same element form a covalent bond and become a molecule? |
yes
Two oxygen atoms form an oxygen molecule. |
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48
When an atom loses or gains one or more electrons it is called an ______. |
ion
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49
If an ion is formed by gaining one or more electrons it has a ________ charge. |
negative
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50
If an ion is formed by losing one or more electrons it has a ________ charge. |
positive
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51
Opposite charges ________ each other just like magnets. |
attract
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52
When oppositely charged ions attract each other they form an ______ bond. |
ionic
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53
What is one class of common compounds formed from ionic bonds? |
minerals
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54
Since sodium (symbol Na) has 1 electron in its 3rd energy level, it needs to ________ an electron to become stable. |
lose
it then becomes a positive (+1) ion |
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55
Since chlorine (symbol Cl) has 7 electrons in its 3rd energy level, it needs to ______ an electron to become stable. |
gain
it then becomes a negative (-1) ion |
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56
Positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chlorine ions form a compound called ________ ________. |
sodium chloride
this is better known as common table salt |
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57
_______ are elements that lose electrons very easily to become positive ions. |
metals
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58
Metals do/do not form ionic bonds between their atoms. |
do not
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59
Name a few metallic elements. |
1) aluminum, 2) sodium, 3) potassium, 4) calcium, 5) zinc, 6) gold, 7) silver, 8) iron, 9) copper, 10) lead
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60
________ are elements that gain electrons very easily to form negative ions. |
nonmetals
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61
Name a few nonmetal elements. |
1) oxygen, 2) nitrogen, 3) fluorine, 4) chlorine, 5) phosphorous, 6) sulfur, 7) bromine
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62
Nonmetals are located on the _______-hand side of the periodic table. |
right
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63
Pure metallic minerals are held together by _______ bonds where the electrons move freely around all the positive ions. |
metallic
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63
Properties of minerals with metallic bonds are ________ (the same / very different) than substances with ionic bonds. |
very different
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65
State the difference between mixtures and compounds. |
mixtures: individual elements or compounds keep their own properties and can be present in any proportion.
compounds: elements can only be separated by chemical means and are present in fixed proportions. |
