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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Root position
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Double 1 or 5
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First Inversion
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Anything goes
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Second Inversion
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Double 5
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3-2-1
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Ic-V-I
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2-1
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Triple tonic
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6-5
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Ic-V
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4-3
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Ic-V
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7-1
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VIIb-I
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7 #s
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C# major/ A# minor
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7 bs
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Cb major/Ab minor
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6#s
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F# major/D# minor
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6bs
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Gb major/Eb minor
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Minuet and Trio form
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Overall ternary with each section in binary or rounded binary
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Minuet and Trio description
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Graceful French country dance usually in triple time at a moderate tempo
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Minuet and Trio tonality
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Major 1st mvt-same minuet and trio, trio might be minor
Minor 1st mvt-same minuet, trio in relative or tonic major |
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Minuet and Trio placement
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Usually 3rd mvt of string quartets and symphonies
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Minuet and Trio examples
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Bach keyboard: French Suite No.6 in E minor
Haydn’s symph No. 104 Mozart’s SQ K589 Beethoven’s piano sonata Op2 No. 1 F minor |
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Scherzo form
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Overall ternary, (scherzo/trio/scherzo) each section in binary or rounded binary
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Scherzo placement
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Supplanted minuet and trio as 3rd movement, sometimes 2nd
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Scherzo description
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Fast movement in triple time with vigorous and emphatic rhythm
Musical joke |
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Scherzo examples
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Beethoven piano sonata in A major Op 2 No. 2 Mendelssohn scherzo Midsummer’s
Beethoven Symph 3, 5, 7, 9, Chopin Scherzo (four of them) |
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Air
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Melody or tune
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Variations
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Rhythmic, modal, ornamentation, change of melody (same harmony), change of character/tempo, contrapunctal treatment
(Rhythmically, Harmonically, Tonally, Melodically) |
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Air and Variations examples
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Air with variations keyboard examples:
William Byrd’s ‘Carman’s Whistle’ JS Bach’s ‘Goldberg Variations Haydun’s ‘Andante con Variazioni’ in F minor and major First movement of Mozart’s sonata in A major K331 Chamber music: Slow movement of Haydn’s ‘Emperor string quartet Op 76 No 3 Slow movement of Schubert’s ‘Death and the Maiden’ string quartet Final movement of the clarinet quintets by Mozart K 581 and Brahm Op 115 For orchestra: Final movement of Beethoven’s ‘Eroica’ symphony No 3 Brahms’ Variations on the St Anthony chorale by Haydn Tchaik’s ‘Rococo’ Variations for cello and orchestra Franck’s Symphonic Variations for piano and orchestra |
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Recitative
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Sung speech, no specific musical forms, emphasis on the text, to advance the action of the drama
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Recitativo Secco
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Dry, minimal accompaniment
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Recitativo Accompagnato
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Accompanied Recitative, more regular rhythm
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Aria
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Usually ternary form (da capo arias), to reflect on the action of the drama, emphasis on the music
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Oratorio
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Religious text, no staging, scenery or costumes, church or concert hall
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Boehm
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Made the practical and acoustical key system still used today
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Woodwind
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Introduced into orchestra in 18th century
Longer the air column, lower the pitch Reeds made of cane Embouchure |
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Flute and Clarinet
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Cylindrical
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Oboe and Bassoon
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Conical
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Which clarinet should be used?
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Flat keys=Bb
Sharp keys=A |
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How do the different clarinets sound (compared to written pitch)?
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A clarinet written minor third above sounding pitch
Bb clarinet written a tone above sounding pitch |
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Speaker key
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Extra hole opened=sounds an octave above for bassoon and oboe, twelfth above for clarinet
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Approximate lengths
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Flute=67.3cm
Bassoon=279.4cm Oboe=64.8cm Clarinet=66.7cm (Bb) 69.8cm (A) |
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Two registers of clarinet
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Chalumeau until break (about middle line Bish), above is clarino
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Examples of orchestral solos for each woodwind instrument
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Bassoon=Sorceror's Apprentice
Flute=Brahms Symph 1, Fourth Mvt flute theme Clarinet=Mozart Clarinet Concerto Oboe=Swan Lake |
