Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Mechanical |
Tearing, rip, churn, chewing |
|
|
|
Digestion |
A way to break food down to its smallest units, mechanically/chemically, so then it is absorbed in blood stream for transport to the body |
|
|
|
Chemical Digestion |
enzymes, acids |
|
|
|
Mouth |
teeth- mechanical breakdown tongue- manipulate food to stay between teeth, move bolus into throat salivary glands- release enzymes |
|
|
|
Pharynx |
Back of the throat |
|
|
|
Esophagus |
-muscular tube that allows food to move to the stomach from the pharynx -controlled by the automatic nervous system -food moves by peristalsis |
|
|
|
Esophageal Sphincter |
-right elastic ring that allows food to enter the stomach -prevents acid from passing into esophagus |
|
|
|
Stomach |
-churning action -acids produced(HCl) -acids released (bicarbonate neutralizes HCl)
|
|
|
|
Rugae |
folds within stomach, increases SA |
|
|
|
Chyme |
Ball of food in stomach |
|
|
|
Pyloric Sphincter |
-allows food to enter small intestine -prevents back flow into the stomach |
|
|
|
Small Intestine |
-duodenum, jejunum, ileum -location of digestion: innervated by the liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas -acids are reduced by more based -allow chemicals to enter small intestine -food moved by peristalsis |
|
|
|
Large Intestine |
ascending, transverse, and descending colon, rectum, anal sphincter |
|
|
|
Macromolecules |
4: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids |
|
|
|
Protein |
-made from an arrangement of amino acids held in chain -formed at the ribosomes and directed by the messages encoded in the DNA |
|
|
|
Protein |
-made from an arrangement of amino acids held in chain -formed at the ribosomes and directed by the messages encoded in the DNA |
|
|
|
Peptide Bond |
bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another in a protein |
|
|
|
Protein |
-made from an arrangement of amino acids held in chain -formed at the ribosomes and directed by the messages encoded in the DNA |
|
|
|
Peptide Bond |
bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another in a protein |
|
|
|
Polypeptide |
If amino acids are bonded, the chain is called a polypeptide |
|
|
|
Protein |
-made from an arrangement of amino acids held in chain -formed at the ribosomes and directed by the messages encoded in the DNA |
|
|
|
Peptide Bond |
bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another in a protein |
|
|
|
Polypeptide |
If amino acids are bonded, the chain is called a polypeptide |
|
|
|
R-Group |
-give different characteristics go amino acids(ex. polarity-hydrophilic, hydrophobic) -designed so that RGroups are associated sign the proteins "active site" |
|
|
|
Carbohydrates |
-molecules that contain CHO that provide short or long term energy sources -2 types: simple sugars -monosaccharides (glucose) -disaccharides (maltose) -polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen) |
|
|
|
Carbohydrates |
-molecules that contain CHO that provide short or long term energy sources -2 types: simple sugars -monosaccharides (glucose) -disaccharides (maltose) -polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen) |
|
|
|
Triglyceride |
high energy organic molecule composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules; main component of fats and oils |
|
|
|
Carbohydrates |
-molecules that contain CHO that provide short or long term energy sources -2 types: simple sugars -monosaccharides (glucose) -disaccharides (maltose) -polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen) |
|
|
|
Triglyceride |
high energy organic molecule composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules; main component of fats and oils |
|
|
|
Saturated Fat |
Has complete amount of H on the carbons -animal fats: difficult to break down |
|
|
|
Unsaturated Fat |
Double bonds between the carbons reduce the amount of H -plant fats; easier to break down |
|
|
|
Unsaturated Fat |
Double bonds between the carbons reduce the amount of H -plant fats; easier to break down |
|
|
|
Lipids |
-macromolecules that are insoluble in h2o -no polarity -long term storage -triglyceride: 1 molecule of glycerol, 3 fatty acid chains attached to it -contain more energy than any other molecule -involved in making phospholipids, steroids oil |
M n t c i |
|
|
Unsaturated Fat |
Double bonds between the carbons reduce the amount of H -plant fats; easier to break down |
|
|
|
Lipids |
-macromolecules that are insoluble in h2o -no polarity -long term storage -triglyceride: 1 molecule of glycerol, 3 fatty acid chains attached to it -contain more energy than any other molecule -involved in making phospholipids, steroids oil |
M n t c i |
|
|
Nucleic Acids |
-macromolecule formed from a long chain of nucleotide subunits, each consisting of a 5carbon simple sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate group -2 types include DNA and RNA |
|
|
|
DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid; genetic blue print |
|
|
|
DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid; genetic blue print |
|
|
|
RNA |
Ribonucleic Acid; message sent from DNA to produce proteins |
|
|
|
DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid; genetic blue print |
|
|
|
RNA |
Ribonucleic Acid; message sent from DNA to produce proteins |
|
|
|
Vitamins |
-organic compounds -Key component of many chemical reactions that yield energy, synthesize compounds, and break down compounds |
|
|
|
Minerals |
-inorganic compounds -enable certain chemical reactions to occur and help to build bones and cartilage |
|
|
|
Minerals |
-inorganic compounds -enable certain chemical reactions to occur and help to build bones and cartilage |
|
|
|
Enzymes |
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction |
|
|
|
Minerals |
-inorganic compounds -enable certain chemical reactions to occur and help to build bones and cartilage |
|
|
|
Enzymes |
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction |
|
|
|
Substrate |
Substance upon which an enzyme acts |
|
|
|
Minerals |
-inorganic compounds -enable certain chemical reactions to occur and help to build bones and cartilage |
|
|
|
Enzymes |
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction |
|
|
|
Substrate |
Substance upon which an enzyme acts |
|
|
|
Pancreas |
Small gland in the abdomen that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, as well as bicarbonate to neutralize HCl from the stomach, also secretes the hormone insulin |
|
|
|
Gall Bladder |
Organ that stores bile produced by the liver |
|
