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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Hierarchy of structure in animals 4 main types of animal tissue |
Connective tissue - Found in bones and tendons, and is to support and insulate Nervous tissue - Found in the brain and spinal cord, and is to communicate with the body Epithelial tissue - Found in the skin and digestive tract, and is to protect surfaces from dehydration Muscle tissue - Found is muscles, digestive tract and the heart, and is for movement |
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2. Digestive System What is the digestive tract? |
In most animals, it’s a long tube with two openings, one on either end. The entire length of the digestive tract is lined with the epithelial tissue. The digestive tube is made with layers of muscle tissue and nerves. |
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2. Digestive System Names and Functions of the main parts |
The mouth - Starts the process of breaking down food. Can be achieved two ways, mechanically (teeth and tongue) and chemically (enzymes and water, produced in the mouth by the epithelial tissue) The esophagus - A muscular tube connecting your mouth to your stomach. This smooth muscle will contract and relax without conscious thought, all controlled by the nerve tissue. These contractions will slowly move food along The stomach - Main function is to churn and continue the digestion of food. Stomach lining produces digestive enzymes and acid. Smooth muscle will mix the stomach. The stomach is lined with many nerves to detect when we have had enough to eat. The intestine - Is located between the stomach and the anus. The lining of the intestine has cells that produce mucus, and has many fine blood vessels interlaced through stomach tissue. There is also a smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes as food is digested. Large Intestine - Also known as the colon, is about 1.5m long, and water is absorbed from indigestible food. The remaining solid is poop. Small Intestine - Is about 6m long and narrow, most of the digestion occurs here. Goblet cells release mucus, and other nutrients diffuse through the wall of the small intestine and into the blood stream. Colitis - The inflammation of the tissue lining the colon. Causes included virus, bacteria, etc.
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2. Digestive System Accesory Organs |
Liver - Provides digestive enzymes and bile - breaks down fat Pancreas - Provides digestive enzymes, in particular insulin, which is required to balance the concentration of sugar in blood Gall bladder - provides digestive enzymes Diabetes - is a disease where too much or too little insulin is delivered and blood sugar concentrations are heightened or lowered. |
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3. Circulatory System What is the Circulatory System? |
The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The main function of the circulatory system is to transport materials through the body |
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3. Circulatory System Names and Functions of main parts |
Blood vessels - Carry blood and through the body. Arteries (Red) - Thick walled tubes that usually transport oxygenated blood to the body tissues from the heart (Away from the Heart) Veins (Blue) - thinner walled tubes that usually transport deoxygenated blood from the body tissues to the heart (towards the heart) Capillaries- The site of exchange between the blood and body cells. They exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, and other materials. (Small thin walled blood vessels that allow substances to peas in and out of the circulatory system) Heart - Contains four chambers that pump the blood to the lungs and to all body parts. The heart acts as a double pump with the right side deoxygenated blood from the different parts of the body. The blood is then pumped to the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then returns to the left side of the heart where it is pumped to all body parts. Your heart beats approximately 60-80 times per minute when you are at rest. Blood - Made up of red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Red blood cells - Carries oxygen in the blood and other nutrients and materials to and from tissues. They also contain protein called haemogoblin White blood cells - Defend the body against bacteria and more Platelets - Play an important role in the formation of blood clot Plasma - Liquid portion of the blood |
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3. The Circulatory System Diseases and Disorders
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Coronary Artery Disease - When coronary arteries become partially blocked with plaque ( A build of fat, cholesterol, and calcium), symptoms include tiredness, dizziness, pain or burning sensation in chest or arms. This is diagnosed with angiogram, where special dyes are injected into blood vessels for X-rays. Heart attack - Coronary Artie’s become completely blocked (from plaque of other blood clot). Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, anxiety, upper body pain, stomach pain, sweating, dizziness, and unusual fatigue. This is diagnosed with a blood test or electrocardiogram. |
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4. Respiratory System What is the Respiratory System? |
The respiratory system is responsible for providing the oxygen needed by the body and for removing the carbon dioxide produced as your body uses energy for growth, repair, and movement. The main purpose of the respiratory system is gas exchange. |
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4. Respiratory System Main parts and functions |
Mouth - Brings in air into your lungs Nose - Cleanses air and brings it into your lungs Lungs - Allow us to breathe. They bring oxygen into our body and send carbon dioxide out Pharynx (throat) - Provides a passage way for air to flow to and from the lungs Trachea (windpipe) - Allows air to pass from the pharynx to the lungs Bronchioles - To deliver air to diffuse alveoli in the lungs. Alveoli - expand during inhalation, shrink during exhalation Diaphragm - Contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges upon inhalation. This contraction pulls air into the lungs. |
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4. Respiratory System Main function |
Gas exchange - Oxygen is inhaled, and taken to body parts (related to the circulatory system), carbon dioxide is breathed out and expelled to the environment + oxygen enters the bloodstream in the lungs by diffusion. Carbon dioxide leaves the blood in the same way. This is called breathing. |
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4. Respiratory System Diseases of the Respiratory System |
Tuberculosis- infectious disease, caused by bacteria entering your body when you breath. If untreated, it can be fatal. Symptoms include fever, cough, weight loss, tiredness, chest pain and is diagnosed with X-Rays. Lung cancer - caused by carcinogens from tobacco smoke in parts of the respiratory system including lungs, mouth, pharynx and larynx SARS - Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Symptoms include flu like symptoms and diagnosed by X-rays |
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5. Frog Lab Frog anatomy |
Pharynx (Throat), left atrium, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, anus, large intestine, gall bladder, liver ventricle, lung, right atrium, artery |
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5. Frog Lab 3 Key organ systems |
Digestive, circulatory, and respiratory system |
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6. Organ System Interactions Why does the human body need the digestive and circulatory systems to move together? |
So the nutrients can be absorbed into blood, circulatory system carries to parts of the body |
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Diagrams |
Digestive system Circulatory System Circulatory System - Blood Respiratory System (Gas Exchange) Frog anatomy Organ System interactions diagram |
