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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Physical Property? |
Something that can be observed without changing the composition of the matter. |
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What is a chemical property? |
A description of what a substance does as it changes into one or more new substances. |
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What is an element? |
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
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What is a compound? |
A pure substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio. |
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How many groups and periods are there in the periodic table? |
18 Groups and 7 Periods |
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What is the difference between a group and a period on the period table? |
Groups are columns and periods are rows. |
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what do elements in the same chemical family have in common? |
They have the same number of electrons in outer orbital. |
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What is an ion? |
A charged particle that results when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons. |
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What is an electrolyte? |
A compound that separates into ions when it dissolves in water, producing a solution that conducts electricity. |
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Describe an ionic compound. |
A compound made up of one or more positive metal ions (cations) and one or more negative non metal ions (anions). |
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What are some properties of metals? |
Metallic, conductive, malleable, solid |
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What are some properties of non-metals? |
Solid, gas or liquid, brittle, dull, insulators |
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Which is the most reactive metal group on the period table? |
Alkali metals |
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What is the second most reactive metal group on the periodic table? |
Alkaline earth metals |
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Whats the most reactive group of non-metals? |
Halogens |
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What is the least reactive group of non-metals? |
Noble gases |
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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? |
The statement that, in any given chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. |
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What is a synthesis reaction? |
A reaction in which two reactants combine to make a larger or more complex product; general pattern: A+B-->AB |
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What is a a decomposition reaction? |
A reaction in which a large or more complex molecule breaks down to form two or more simpler products; general pattern: AB-->A+B |
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What is a single-displacement reaction? |
A reaction in which an element displaces another element in a compound, producing a new compound and a new element; general pattern: A+BC-->B+AC |
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What is a double-displacement reaction? |
A reaction that occurs when elements in different compounds displace each other or exchange places, producing two new compounds; general pattern: AB+CD-->AD+CB |
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What is a combustion reaction? |
The rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxides and energy; burning. |
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What is a polyatomic ion? |
An ion made up of more than one atom that acts as a single particle. |
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What is a neutralization reaction? |
A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound (a salt) and water; the resulting pH is closer to 7. |
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Distinguish between an exothermic and endothermic reaction. |
Exothermic is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat. Endothermic absorbs energy from its surroundings. |
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Whats the difference between weather and climate? |
Weather is short term and climate is over a long period of time. |
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Why does earth not keep warming up when the sun is continuously shining on it? |
Because 30% of sunlight is reflected. ` |
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What are the five layers of the atmosphere? |
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere. |
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What are CFC's? |
CFC's are chloroflurocarbons. |
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What effect has CFC's had on the environment? |
They break holes in the ozone layer. |
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Describe the greenhouse effect. |
A natural process whereby gases and clouds absorb infrared radiation emitted from Earths surface and radiate it, heating the atmosphere and Earths surface. |
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What are the five greenhouse gases and their sources? |
Methane (plant decomposition, in swamps, and animal digestion), water vapour(water), nitrous oxide (Reactions of bacteria in soil and water), carbon dioxide (Burning fossil fuels), ozone (Stratosphere and troposphere). |
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Why are carbon sinks important? What is an example of a carbon sink? |
Because they remove excess carbon from the atmosphere and store the carbon atoms in a different form. An example is an ocean. |
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What is the albedo effect? |
The positive feedback loop in which an increase in Earth's temperature causes ice to melt, so more radiation is absorbed by Earth's surface, leading to further increases in temperature. |
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What is a feedback loop? |
A process in which the result acts to influence the original process. |
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What is thermohaline circulation? |
The continuous flow of water around the world's oceans driven by differences in water temperatures and salinity.
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What is El Nino?
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A recurring change in the Pacific winds and ocean currents that brings warm, moist air to the west coast of South America |
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Give two reasons why the sea levels are rising. |
Air temperatures rise, glaciers melting.
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What is the IPCC? |
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
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What is light? |
Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by humans. |
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What is incandescence? |
The production of light as a result of a high temperature. |
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What is electric discharge? |
The process of producing light by passing an electric current through gas. |
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What is phosphorescence? |
The process of producing light by the absorption of ultraviolet light resulting in the emission of visible light over an extended period of time. |
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What is fluorescence? |
The immediate emission of visible light as a result of the absorption of ultraviolet light. |
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What is chemiluminescence? |
The direct production of light as the result of a chemical reaction with little or no heat produced. |
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What is bioluminescence? |
The production of light in living organisms as the result of a chemical reaction with little or no heat produced. |
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What is triboluminescence? |
The production of light from friction as a result of scratching, crushing, or rubbing certain crystals. |
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What is a Light Emitting Diode (LED)? |
Light produced as a result of an electric current flowing in semiconductors. |
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Whats the difference between specular reflection and diffuse reflection? |
Diffuse reflection is reflection of light off an irregular or dull surface, specular reflection is reflection of light off a smooth surface. |
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Whats the difference between a concave (converging) and a convex (diverging) mirror? |
Concave mirror goes inwards, convex mirror goes outwards |
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What is a real image? |
Real image can be seen on a screen as a result of light rays actually arriving at the image location. |
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What is a virtual image? |
Virtual image is formed by light coming from an apparent light source; light is not arriving at or coming from the actual image location. |
