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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When and why did Canada enter the first World War? |
Canada entered WW1 on August 4th 1914 because they had to support Britain. |
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Which countries made up the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance? |
Triple Entente: England, Russia, France Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
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What sparked WW1? |
Assassination of Austria's archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Black Hand. |
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What was the Schlieffen Plan? |
Germany's war plan made by Alfred Von Schlieffen. Plan was to attack France through Belgium, cutting off the coastal parts to Britain's ships and arching down on Paris from the North. Thought France would focus on regaining Alsance&Lorraine and it would be easy to take them. Thought Russian forces would take too long to defend France. |
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How did the Schlieffen Plan work out in reality? |
Belgium resisted Germany and defended their territory. France attacked along border until Germany retreated. France attacked and defended faster than expected. |
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What happened at the battle of Ypres 1915 and why is it significant? |
First Canadian division arrived April 15th 1915. Soldiers had to face Chorline gas. Canada suffered 6037 casualties but still protected the land from the enemy. John McCrae wrote flanders fields after the battle. |
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Battle of Somme 1916 |
Lasted 3 months. Battle of "Attrition"; outlast instead of defeat. 24,049 Canadian casualties.Canada gained rep of being aggressive attackers. No all Canadian regiment; few Canadian officers. |
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Vimy Ridge 1917 |
British High Command promoted Canadian soldier Arthur Currie to general and allowed him to make an all-Canadian regiment. |
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Passchendaele |
Battle of the mud. July to November 1917. Purpose was to break through the Front and destroy the German submarine bases on the coast of Belgium. |
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What were some important war technologies? |
Rifles, machine guns, tanks, heavy artillery, airplanes, poison gas. |
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What was the War Measures Act? |
Allowed Government to arrest, detain and deport persons, appropriate and dispose property of its use, censor and suppress means of communation, and control harbours. |
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Who were the "Enemy Aliens" and how were they treated? |
German, Ukrainian, and Austrian-Hungarian people forced to work on Internment camps. They had to carry ID, couldn't vote, couldn't publish anything, forced to register, sometimes deported. |
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How did conscription divide the country? |
Prime Minister Robert Borden wanted conscription as well as English-Canadians. French-Canadians were against it. Divided Canada during the war. |
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How did World War 1 end? |
Germany was defeated and surrendered. |
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What was the Treaty of Versailles? |
Stripped Germany of almost all their armed forces, could not build their army, lost colonies and good deal of territory, map of Europe was redrawn, 6 countries created: Yugoslavia, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, and Zechoslovakia. |
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What was the League of Nations? |
Purpose was to avoid another war. 4 main points: -stop aggression, disarment, encourage cooperation, improve working an living conditions. The League of Nations failed to stop aggressor countries. (Italy invading Ethiopia, Japan attacking Manchuria.) |
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What were the conditions of the Indigenous peoples in the 1920s? |
They were told to forget their customs, language, tradition, belief, lifestyle, etc. Preached to by missionaries and put into residential schools. |
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What was Isolationism? |
The principle of a country avoiding participation in International Affairs. |
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What was the Winnipeg General Strike? |
Causes: Women being fired, unemployment increasing, drastic price increasement, wages not increasing. By May 31st 30,000 workers walked out. Strikers were demanded eight hour work weeks, living wages, right to unions. Government reacted with violence and force. People questioned whether the Winnipeg Strike Committee ran the city. |
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Who was Emily Carr? |
An artist who painted with influence from Indigenous culture. |
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What was the Blue Nose? |
Racing boat that won many awards and is on Canadian dime. |
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Who was Mary Pickford? |
An silent film actress born in Toronto who eventually acted in "talkies." |
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Who was Foster Hewitt? |
Broadcaster in 1923 who started Hockey Night in Canada. |
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Who were flappers? |
Women who rebelled against gender expectation. They wore straight dresses, a lot of makeup, boyish haircuts, and did things such as go to parties and smoke. |
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Prohibition/ban of Alcohol |
From 1918 to 1920, alcohol in Canada was banned. It was banned to stop money been excessively spent on alcohol, and to prevent domestic violence. "Boot leggers" illegally sold alcohol. |
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Who were the Famous Five? |
Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Henrietta Edwards, and Louise McKinney |
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What was the Persons Case? |
In 1928 the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that women were not persons and therefore illegible for appointment in the senate. In 1929, the Famous Five appealed to the Privy Council of England and reversed the court's decision. |
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Name of technologies and scientific developments. |
Alexander Grahambell invented the phone in 1920. Automobile created by Henry Ford. |
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What was the spark of the Great Depression? |
Stock market crashed on October 29, 1929. Stock holders decided their stocks were overpriced and decided to sell them all at the same time. |
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Which part of Canada was effected worse by the Depression? |
The prairies--there was a ten year drought and a dust bowl which stopped crops from growing. |
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What were the underlying causes of the Great Depression? |
Dependance on sales of export, credit, high tariffs, and low income. Banks loaned money out. Businesses borrowed money to expand. |
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What was the Byng-King crisis? |
It began when Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King asked Governor General Lord Julian Byng of Vimy to dissolve Parliament and call fresh elections. Byng refused. It ended with King winning an eventual election, and no governor general ever again publicly refusing the advice of a prime minister. |
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Who was R.B Bennett? |
R/B Bennett was Prime Minister in1930. He promised to help with the great depression but did not follow through, and his efforts were not enough. |
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What was the Communist Party and who was the leader? |
-Wanted a workers revolution to overthrow the Government -Leader was Tim Buck -Wanted everything to be public, nothing privatized. |
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What was the CCF party and who was the leader? |
Started in 1932 in Regina by James S. Woodsworth. Believed in socialism and workers rights. Believed in a democratic government working with the economy. |
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What was the Social Credit Party and who was the leader? |
The social credit party started in 1934 in Alberta by William Aberheart. Thought changing the credit system and printing more money would help. |
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What was the Union Nationale and who was the leader? |
Started in 1935 by Maurice Duplessis and Paul Gouin. Wanted reform and change; especially for Francophones. |
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Who were the Dionne Quintuplets? |
Born in 1934 in Callander. Removed from their homes and used as an attraction. Made $350,000 for the government but only compensated $2.8 mil. |
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Second World War: Name the countries and their dictators. |
Italy- Benito Mussolini Spain-Francsico Franco Russia-Joseph Stalin Germany-Adolf Hitler |
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Communism |
An economic system based on ownership of all property and the means of production and distribution |
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Fascism |
An extreme conservative government led by a dictator. |
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Nazism |
Believed in dictatorship, propaganda, had control over radios, used force and terror on those who did not support |
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What was the spark of WW2? |
Germany invaded Poland on September 1st 1939 |
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When and why did Canada enter the war? |
Canada entered the war on September 10th 1939, 7 days after Britain to prove their independence. |
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What was the Phony War? |
September 3, 1939 – May 10, 1940 No actual battles |
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The Allies |
Britain, France & British Commonwealth (Canada included) |
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The Central Axis |
Germany, Italy, Japan |
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Battle of Dunkirk, France |
April 9th 1940 German army sends soldiers into France German cut the French army in half and cut off the British at Dunkirk. "Miracle of Dunkirk":"Operation Dynamo" fishing boats, navy boats, saved almost 350,000 soldiers, but France surrendered to German control |
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Internment camps |
Japenese Canadians were put in internment camps |
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What was significant about conscription? |
Another divide between French and English Canadians. King suggested National Resource Mobilization act only sending men already trained. |
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What was NATO? |
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Founded in 1949 by Canada, US, Britain, France, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal. The purpose was to discourage the USSR from issuing communism in the western countries. |
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What was the Warsaw Pact? |
Led by USSR, made of communism states of central and eastern Europe |
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What is the main point about the Cold War? |
USA and the USSR were enemies because one believed in communism and the other believed in democracy. |
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What was the Nuclear Arms race? |
The USSR and the USA kept building up their weapons in competition. |
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What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? |
USSR was storing missiles in Cuba. In 1962, the US discovered the stock. Used navy and air forces to prevent the USSR from sending more. PM Diefenbaker was informed after the blockade and was irritated with President Kennedy. USSR leader promised to remove the missiles if Kennedy promised not to invade Cuba. |
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What was NORAD (North American Air Defence)? |
Signed 1958. Was a system used by the US and Canada to detected any weapons headed in the direction. DEW line (distance early warning line) |
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When did Newfoundland become a province/join confederation? |
Newfoundland became a province in 1949. |
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What was the Suez Crisis? |
-Suez canal connected the Mediterranean and Red Seas to the Indian ocean so it made trade easy -Isreal and Arabia were fighting for territory and the Arabs refused to recognize the Isrealies. -Canada didn't send soldiers because they thought it was wrong -Lester B Pearson's plan was to call an immediate end to all shooting. He created the UN's Peacekeepers and monitoring the withdrawal of invading forces. |
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What was the baby boom? |
People felt confident about the economy so they were comfortable having children. |
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Immigration and Urbanization |
Immigrations were going to find work in cities rather than farms. |
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What was the 1962 Immigration Act? |
-Made it illegal to turn away immigrations based on their ethnic origin -Immigrants were accepted based on their skills and job occupation |
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What was the creation of the suburbs? |
-New housing developments on the outskirts of cities -People bought cars and commuted to work -Offices, shopping centres, schools, factories and mines were built -In 1951 60% lived in towns or cities -in 1971 67% lived in towns or cities |
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When was CBC created and why was it significant? |
The CBC was founded on November 2nd 1936. It was significant because it was the first Canadian form of radio entertainment and gave Canadians a sense of their own identity. |
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Who is Franz Ferdinand? |
The arch duke of Austria Hungary |
