Grade 10 Biology

Front 1

Robert Hooke

Back 1

first to look at cells under a microscope

Front 2

Vesicles

Back 2

tiny sacs made up of phospholipids

Front 3

Resolution

Back 3

ability to distinguish between two structures that are very close together

Front 4

Robert Brown

Back 4

studied the nucleus (and was apart of cell theory)

Front 5

James Hiller and Albert Prebus

Back 5

developed the first functional microscope

Front 6

Johannes Purkinje

Back 6

discovered the Purkinje cells which are large nerve cells

Front 7

Rudolph Virchow

Back 7

found out that all cells come from other cells

Front 8

Active Transport

Back 8

when a cell requires active transport basically has to pay a fee with ATP to a transport channel

Front 9

Exocytosis

Back 9

when vesicles transport materials outside the cell

Front 10

Meristematic Tissue

Back 10

-unspeciallized cells

-found in growing parts (responsible for growing new parts in the plant)

Front 11

Epidermal Tissue

Back 11

-forms a protective outer coating

-tiny opening called stomata (underside of the leaf)

Front 12

Ground Tissue

Back 12

-makes up majority of the cell

Stem: provides strength and support

Roots: stores food and water

Leaves: where photosynthesis occurs called mesophyll

Front 13

Stomata

Back 13

tiny openings that allow gas exchange and water vapor into and out of the leaf

Front 14

Transpiration

Back 14

evaporation of water through the stomata

how it helps plants gain water is as each water molecule evaporated, a pull is created which draws more water up the xylem, so the plant is continuously hydrated

Front 15

Theodor Schwann

Back 15

part of cell theory

Front 16

Matthias Schlieden

Back 16

first to figure plants came from cells and is a part of cell theory

Front 17

Louis Pasteur

Back 17

disproved spontaneous generation

Front 18

Hans and Zacharias Janssen

Back 18

invented a microscope with mag. of 200x in 1595

Front 19

Cell Wall

Back 19

maintains cell shape

Front 20

Components of Cell Theory

Back 20

-cells can only come from other cells

-all living things are made up of cells

-cells are the smallest unit of life

Front 21

Ribosomes

Back 21

responsible for the formation of proteins with the cell

Front 22

Golgi Appartus

Back 22

functions to package and deliver proteins

Front 23

Nucleolus

Back 23

region where ribosomes are assembled

Front 24

Cell Membrane

Back 24

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Front 25

Mitochondria

Back 25

-burns glucose for energy

-organelle that functions in cellular respiration

-"powerhouse" of the cell

Front 26

Lysosomes

Back 26

destroy worn-out cell parts

Front 27

Chloroplast

Back 27

site for photosynthesis

Front 28

Reverse Osmosis

Back 28

movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration of solutes

Front 29

Osmosis

Back 29

diffusion of water across a selectively-permeable membrane from the low concentration to the high concentration

Front 30

Particle Theory

Back 30

-all particles are made up of tiny particles

-particles are attracted to each other

-there is space between particles

-particles are always moving, they move faster depending on the temperature

Front 31

Concentration Gradient

Back 31

the difference between the high and low concentration and the movement of particles

Front 32

Semi-Permeable Membrane

Back 32

allows some things into the cell but not another

Front 33

Diffusion

Back 33

when particles go from high to low concentration

Front 34

Facillitated Diffusion

Back 34

used for particles that are too large to pass through the cell membrane

Front 35

Ocular Lens

Back 35

magnifies the image

Front 36

Fine Adjustment Knob

Back 36

slightly moves the stage to sharpen the focus

Front 37

Coarse Adjustment Knob

Back 37

raises and lowers the stage for focusing

Front 38

Root System

Back 38

the plant organ system that includes all tissue located below ground except for a few exceptions

Front 39

Phloem

Back 39

vascular tissue that transports carbohydrates and water from the roots up to the leaves

Front 40

Body Tube

Back 40

connects the ocular lens to the rest of the microscope

Front 41

E.R.

Back 41

transports proteins, carbs, and fats throughout the cell

Front 42

Nuclear Membrane

Back 42

border between genetic info and the rest of the cell

Front 43

Cuticle

Back 43

waxy, non-cellular coating that covers plant leaves

Front 44

Diaphragm

Back 44

regulates the amount of light

Front 45

Selectively-Permeable Membrane

Back 45

allows some particles through at one time but not another

Front 46

Palisade Layer

Back 46

responsible for photosynthesis

Front 47

Spongy Layer

Back 47

loosely-spaced cells that promotes diffsuion

Front 48

Shoot System

Back 48

the plant organ system that includes all tissue above ground except for a few

Front 49

Objective Lens

Back 49

magnifies the object

Front 50

Xylem

Back 50

vascular tissue that transports sugar to where it is needed in the plant

Front 51

Golgi Body

Back 51

packages cell products for export

Front 52

Nucleus

Back 52

contains genetic info; controls activity of the cell

Front 53

Light Source

Back 53

illuminates the slide

Front 54

Vacuoles

Back 54

stores waste, food, and water

Front 55

Arm

Back 55

supports the body tube and connects it to the base

Front 56

Revolving Nose Piece

Back 56

allows movement from one objective to another

Front 57

Centriole

Back 57

involved in cell division

Front 58

Guard Cells

Back 58

cells swell and contract to control gas exchange

Front 59

Enzymes

Back 59

catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the cells

Front 60

Stage

Back 60

the flat platform where you place your slide

Front 61

Stage Clips

Back 61

holds the slide in place