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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Characteristics of Renaissance Urban Design? |
1. unbroken horizontal roof lines 2. straight roads 3.arcaded colonnades 4. repetition of uniform bldg. elements 5.resurgance of classical styles and planning principles 6.extensive fortifications (against gun powder) 7.recognition of perspective in an almost scenographic design sense |
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Physical characteristics and foci of Baroque cities: |
1. Multiple Foci 2. straight streets/monumentality 3. Military considerations 4. upper class residential hotels Focus of Baroque cities: Palaces and Courts also sub categories: pleasure gardens, hotels, royal parks |
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Mercantilism |
17th century policy transferring medieval controls to city states leading to centralization of the crown; system of regulation of economic matters by the state rather than the gilds |
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Devices of Mercantilism |
Protectionism--tariffs Favoring trade routes where raw materials coming in can be exchanged for manufactured goods going out |
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What are the physical impacts on the city created by mercantilism? |
1enlargement of trading facilities (shops, warehouses, etc) 2expansion of commercial support facilities (ex. banks) 3expansion/modifications to commercial area by land-rentals through market bids 4growing importance of transportation 5aristocracy moves to suburbs/country 6linear development of commercial strand |
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Formation of Amsterdam |
dams and dikes formed over time to keep the towns safe from floods; eventually become wealthy from trading thanks to its location near the sea/seaport accessibility |
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The strand/ strand-line |
geomorphic ally strategic, initiated at coves where land -sea connection was made, then, by waves, then in a linear fashion of houses and streets ex. rough London or Amsterdam |
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Colonial Town Siting factors |
1.Natural coves and harbors 2. proximity to farmland 3. access to trade routes |
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Colonial Bastidal-grid |
modular parcelling of lots for sale by the mercantile or government sponsor, modified by local terrain and conditions |
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Industrializations Technological features |
1.railroads/transportation/automobile (innovations in transportation) 2.textile manufacturing 3.mass production of nails (growth of building industry) 4. communication advances (ex. telephone) 5.considation of separate stages of manufacturing (bigness of factories) |
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Industrialization characteristics |
1competition between older port cities for economic survival and dominance 2. struggle over regional provinces/markets 3. laisser-fair vs. regulations (rise of Bossism/Labor unions) 4.rapid change in cities/immigration rise 5.spread of urban culture/machine in the garden |
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Laisser-faire (define/understand) |
lack of government regulation in business; led to Bossism (chicago) , intense competition; lack of regulations led to issues of hygiene, etc. decline of crafts and growth of labor unions influx of immigration/social upheaval anti-historical anti-ecological real estate speculation urban development determined primarily by private enterprise seeking max. profit |
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Decentralization in American Urbanization |
1. No historical underlay of cities 2. pioneering and land-clearing 3.inland expansion along rivers/canals 4.railroad and electric trolley car 5.ex-urban industrialization and retreat 6.mistrust of european urbanization 7. laisser-faire political philosophy 8. westward expansion 9.machine in the garden 10. post world war I land speculation 11.mass production of automobile 12. depression era slum clearance/inner city projects 13. WPA/New Deal hwy construction 14.reduction of work week-longer journey to work 15. post world war II boom 16 growth of suburb/commerce moves out to suburb |
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Industrialization in America |
Machine in the Garden: ability to move factories to outer limits of cities due to ability to expand (unlike crowded European cities); due to this, factories are also larger and tend to condense all parts of manufacturing into one building (more horizontal, larger from the start) |
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Three Reactions to Industrialization |
Retreat, Reform, Revolt |
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Ex-Urbanization/Retreat examples |
Residential Villages(substitute to village square), Socialist Communities "Hygiea" "Amana" "Garden City"(by Howard |
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Urban Renewal/Reform examples |
Circulation-blvds, Paxton in Paris respiration-parks Olnstead (NYC) Burnham (Chicago) beautification-Chicago, Columbian Expo Legislation (zoning/health codes, min. wage,etc) |
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Idealized city/Revolt examples |
emphasis on transport (linear cities) Paxton Londo, Soria y Mata, Corbu Algiers, Wright Broadocre City emphasis on factory/machine Garner, Sant'Elia |
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American skyline after WWI tended: |
to be filled with skyscrapers (centralizing factor) due to the new funds pouring into new buildings and investments |
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Roosevelt's New Deal (for industrialization) |
WPA Housing Loans highway construction (esp. interstate) reduction of work week from 60 to 40hrs |
