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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is NOT a device Independent colour model: LCH, HSB, or RGB?
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RGB
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In order to see colours we need: Observer, Light source, Spectrophtometer, and/or Object
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Observer, Light source, and Object
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True or False: CMYK values are used to describe ink colours
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False
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True or False: 5000 K colour temperature is the only corrected way to view colours in the viewing booth
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false
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True or Flase: ∆Eab is commonly used in the industry because it provides more perceptually uniformed colour different values
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False
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Which of the following is not part of the human vision system: Optic nerce, Forvea, Retina, None of the above
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None of the above
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True or False: ICC use one of the Rendering Intents methods to map out-gamut colors into bigger gamut
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False
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True or False: "Colour Management System is controlling colour quality by science instead of trial -error"
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True
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True or False: Close-loop system is also know as Today's Colour Management System
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False
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Which of the following is not an ICC Profile type: Space profile, Monitor Profile, Device Link Profile, and/or Mobile Profile
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Mobile Profile
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True or False: SWOP 2013 contains updated data sets for Paper Type 3
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True
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ICC Stands for:
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International Colour Consortium
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Setting the LCD monitor to optimum brightness. This process is also called: Caibration, Conversion, Consistency, and/or Characterization
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Consistency
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Which of the following is NOT a calibration method to calibrate an output device: TVI, G7, 60% Dot Gain, None of the Above
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60% dot gain
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True or False: The characterization process of an inkjet printer includes setting ink density
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False
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True or False: The Consistency (optimization) process of a lithographic printing press includes selecting an appropriate printing specification like SWOP or GRACoL
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True
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NPDS stands for
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Neutral Print Density Curve
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Assuming the profiles are named for their respective devices, which of the following can be a sourec profile: HeidelbergPress.icc, PentaxCamera.icc, InkjetProofer.icc, None of the above
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PentaxCamera.icc
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ACE stands for
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Adobe Colour Engine
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Which of the following LUTs inside an output profile are based on Perceptual rendering Intent: A2B2/B2A2, A2B0/B2A0, A2B3/B2A3, A2B1/B2A1
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A2B0/B2A0
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If your monitor is calibrated to a colour temperature of 6500 K, this means that your RGB balance was setted to have: More red, more blue, more green, none of the above
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More blue
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Achieving the specified colour balance and gamma of a monitor device represents which process: Conversion, Calibration, Characterization, Consistency
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Consistency
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True or False: In Softproofing the second (2nd) conversion step would involve converting an image from the final desitination profile to the monitor profie using Relative colourimetric rendering Intent
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False
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True or False: LCD displays use incandescent backlight as their lighting source
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False
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Before you measure anything with a colour measurement device it needs to be setup. When the device is saying to itself, “Ok I’m supposed to see this white, but I’m seeing something slightly different. That means I’m behaving this way and will have to make this specific correction to all my measurements today”, what process is it going through?: Collaboration, Calculation, Calcification, Calibration
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Calibration
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CMY process inks are used in printing because they each subtract approximately X amount of the visible spectrum: X= 1/3, X= 3/4, X= 1/4, X= 2/3
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1/3
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If you look at a LED light source through a diffraction grating (allows you to see the spectrum spread out) and hold up a yellow filter between the light source and the grating, what part of the spectrum would go missing?: Green, Red, Yellow, Blue
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Blue
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Which of the following methods commonly used to describe colours that are independent of their nature of creation or the device they displayed on ? (select all that apply): L*A*B, CMYK, Pantone, XYZ, RGB
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L*A*B and XYZ
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True or False: Colour is only dependent on the spectral reflectance of the object.
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False
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True or False: Densitometers measure light absorption which is correlated to ink film thickness.
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True
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The most useful colour measurement device for colour management purposes is the… Densitometer, Colourimeter, Spectralmeter, Spectrophotometer
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Spectrophotometer
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True or False: A spectral colour graph can be known as a Spectral Power Distribution when talking about additive colour theory
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True
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Which of the following are used as coordinates on the chromaticity diagram: xy, XY, a*b*
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xy
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True or False: Xrite 530 measuring device is an example of a densitometer that contains RGB colour filters inside it to measure density
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False
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What is metamerism?
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Two colours that look the same under one illuminant but different under another
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In a closed-loop colour management system each device in the system has to be tested and compared to every other device in the system.
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True
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 C's of colour management? Characterization, Consistency, Conversion, Calculation, Calibration
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Calculation
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Measurement of a press sheet is an example of which of the 4 C’s of colour management? Characterization, Consistency, Calibration, Conversion, Calculation
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Characterization
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ICC is an example of what kind of colour management system? Two-way, one-way, closed-loop, open-system
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Open-system
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True or False: The gamut volume of an ICC profile reported by ColorThink Pro is the number of colours that device can reproduce.
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False
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True or False: Colour is only dependent on the spectral reflectance of the object.
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False
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True or False: “The ability of the human visual system to adjust to changes in illumination in order to preserve the appearance of object colours” is also called Chromatic Adaptation
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False
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Most monitor have a limited gamut in the ____ areas
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Cyan
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List the 3 monitor types
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CRT (Cathode ray Tubes) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
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CRTs use an to fire electrons at RGB coloured phosphors behind the glass
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Electron Gun
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LCDs _________ actually open and close allowing more or less light to pass from behind the screen out the front depending on the electrical charge
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Liquid Crystals
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In terms of the original LCDs what provides the back light
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Fluorescent backlight
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These backlight use a lot of ______ and have odd spikes in the ____ wave lengths
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Power and Green
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Newer LCDs use
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Led Backlight
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Some monitors have a setting that will adjust the temperature of the white point where lower temperatures are ___ __ and higher temperature are ___ ____
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More Red and More Blue
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Monitor calibration software will adjust the measured RGB values to fit inside the _____ ____, ____ ___, and __________ _______
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White point, black point and maximum RGB values
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Conversions for monitors are always made using ________________
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relative colourimetric rendering intent
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To softproof an image it must go through __ conversions
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2
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The first conversion is: from the _________ to the ______ using whatever rendering intent will be used on output
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Original source profile to the final destination profile
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The second is from the _______ to the _______ using the _______
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Final destination profile to the monitor profile using absolute colourimetric
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What is a Closed-loop workflow?
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looking up the device counts of the original colour and the corresponding device counts of the final output device
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What is an Open-system workflow (ICC)?
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device counts are converted through the profile connection space (PCS) as a common language
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What is always required to make a Colour Conversion?
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two colour spaces
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What does the Colour Management module (CMM) do?
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Handles the looking up of values and any calculations that may need to be done during a colour conversion
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A2B0/B2A0 is which rendering intent?
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Perceptual
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A2B1/B2A1 is which rendering intent?
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relative/abosolutre
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A2B2B2A2 is which rendering intent?
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Saturation
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Conversions are always made using…?
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Relative colourimetric rending intent
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Assign profile does what?
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An image file is Tagged or embedded with an ICC Profile
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Convert profile does what?
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goes through the conversion process to convert a given colour between two device colour spaces
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When it comes to a press what is the most important thing?
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they must be Consistent and repeatable
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The Press variable that affect consistency are?
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(4) Mechaincs, Paper, Ink, Prepress
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Making sure a press print to a set of known __________ so that it prints consistently from run to run
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Aim Points
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Aim point can be from…?
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Custom testing or standad industry points
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GRACoL Specifies ________ and recommends calibration methods based on gray blance (G7)
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Solid CMYK L*a*b
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GRACoL also specifies ____________ Paper (Specific white point)
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Type 1 and 2 sheet fed
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SWOP also Specifies __________ papers (Specific white points)
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Type 3 and 5 web offset
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ISO stands for…?
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International organization for standardization
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ISO _________ specifies and recommends for press colour Management
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12647-2
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ISO 12647-2 specifies ________________ and recommends calibration __________________
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ink aim points for CMYK soildes in L*a*b and Methods based on TVI
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FIRST stands for…?
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Flexographic image reproduction specification and tolerances
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SNAP stands for
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Specifications for non-headset advertising printing
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What are the Methods of Calibration…? (4)
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Density/50% dot gain, TVI – Tonal value increase, gray balance, and gray balance – g7
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The variables to adjust during calibration on press are…? (3)
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Ink film thickness (Solid primary colours), Ink trapping (secondary colours), Squeeze (Overall TVI)
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The variables to adjust during calibration on prepress are…? (3)
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should nto have to go back to original design files, CtP plate exposure (TVI, tonal reproduction, CtP tone Curve adjustment (TVI, tonal reproduction)
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Characterization is the _______ and _____ of colour to CMYK values
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Measuring and Linking
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ICC profiles ____________ with a device independent colour space like L*a*b or XYZ
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link device counts
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Colourimetric colour space is a common language for all profiles, known as _________?
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Profile connection space (PCS)
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ICC profile use __________ to record the links?
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Lookup Tables (LUTs)
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Each LUT is responsible for a ______ ____ form device counts to colourimetric values or the other way around (A2B or B2A)
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One-way link
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Types of ICC profiles (7)?
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Output, input, monitor, device link, N-channel, abstract, space
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Output profiles can be either ____ or ____ device counts
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CMYK or RGB
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Output profiles are a _________ that contain A2B and B2A LUTs
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two-way profile
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Output Profiles, ____are usually L*a*b but can be XYZ
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PCS
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Input Profiles can only be ____ device counts
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RGB
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Input profiles are _____ only profile containing A2B LUTs
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One-way
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Input Profiles, PCS is often ______ but can be _____
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L*a*b* , XYZ
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Monitor profiles use ___ device counts only
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RGB
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Monitor profiles are technically a __________ contain A2B and B2A LUTs
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Two-way profile
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Monitor profiles, PCS is most commonly ___ but can be _____
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XYZ , L*a*b
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Device link profiles are used to translate between _____ of the _____ of device counts
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Two sets , Same type
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N-channels profile is used for _______ with ______ or ______ inks
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complex printing with spot colours or non-CMYK inks
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N-channel device counts for _______
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n-channels (number of inks)
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N-channel, ____ profile containing A2B and B2A LUTs
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two-way
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Abstract profiles can be sued to ___________to other specific colours
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Adjust colours (ex. Sepia tones)
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Space profiles are used to convert ___________ spaces to a PCS (LCH to L*a*b)
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non-device colour
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______________ give you limited control over what you want to do with a colour hen converting between two colour spaces that do not match so that all colours can be printed
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Rendering intents
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Four methods of rendering intents, what are they?
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Perceptual, saturation, Relative colourimetric, and Absolute colourimetric
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Perceptual rendering intent attempt to keep the ______ ______ between all colours
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Relative difference
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Perceptual, out of gamut colours are ______ into the smaller gamut relative to one another
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Mapped
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Perceptual, In gamut colours are also remapped _______ to the source gamut
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relative
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Perceptual, alter all colours from original but maintain ______ and ______
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contrast, detail
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Perceptual is commonly used for converting RGB ______ for CMYK print where detail and pleasingness of colour is more important than exact colour matches
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photographs
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Saturation rendering intent is used to give you the ________ an most ______ colours
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brightest, saturated
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Saturation, most of the colours outside the gamut are mapped to the closet point within the smaller gamut but ______is pad to maintaining relative difference of the colours
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no attention
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Saturation, is only used for ______________ where colour is not a concern but vibrancy and _______ is such as in graph and charts
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Bright graphics and saturation
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Relative and absolute rendering intents attempt to ______________of anything inside both gamuts and _______ any out of gamut colour to just inside the smaller gamut
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Maintain the colour, remaps
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The difference between relative and absolut is how they account for the ____________
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Paper white
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Relative and absolute, colours inside the gamut will ____________ and colours out of gamut will be ________ to the closes point
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not be touched, remapped
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Relative is commonly used for ___________ where you want fairly accurate colour but also the ________________ possible and it is ok to rely on chromatic adaption
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Printing one-offs, the purest white
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Absolute is used for ______________________ where it will be held agansit a press sheet on different paper and _______________
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Accurate colour proofing, colour is critical
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RGB are _____ ____ that correspond with how much of an ______________ will be sent to a specific pixel of a monitor
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Computer numbers, Electrical charge
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RGB and CMYK values are individual to a ___________ under a specific set of condition
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Specific device
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CMYK values are just….?
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Area of ink coverage
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Colour management is what?
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Linking the colour you want to produce, with the method of producing it in a controllable and predictable way
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Closed-loop method of colour management is where?
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Each device in a workflow was tested to know what device counts produced the same colour as another set of device counts on another device
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Open-system colour management each device count was ______ to an actual colour in a format that was based on a mathematical representation of the human visual system
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linked
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What are the 4 c’s of colour management?
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Consistency, calibration, characterization, and conversion
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Consistency is any device must act in a ______ and _______ way
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Constant & predictable
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Calibration the device should be brought back to the ____________ the colour management is setup for?
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Known condition
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Characterization is _______ the response/output and ____ it to the known inputs
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Measuring – linking
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Conversion is converting _________________ into another
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one description of colour
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Retina ______ the light signals that transmitted by the optical nerves to the brain to be processed.
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Interprets
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Retina consists of a network of photosensitive cells (Rods & Cones) on the back of the eye that are sensititve to light energy between approcimately _____ to ____
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400mm – 700mm
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Rod cells are sensitive to ____ and the ______ in light and dark
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motion and fine differences
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Cone cells work at ________ levels, ______ that are sensitive to different ranges of visible light?
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high luminance, three types
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Long cones are sensitive to ___ medium cones aresensitive to ____ and short cones are sensitive to ___
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red, green, blue
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Optic never transfers _____________ from the rods and cones from the retina to the brain
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Electrical impulses
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CIE1931 standard observer is the _____________ ofd the responses of the human eye
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Mathematical representation
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CIE1931 is based on a ________
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2 degree field of view
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Chromatic adaptation is the eye adapts to ______ the brightest and most neutral (without chroma) object in your field of view as _____
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“see” , “white”
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Chromatic adaptation, not only does the eye _____________ but __________ relative to white?
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Adjust to the white, adjusts the perception of all colours
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RHEM sticker is a sticker that has colour critical proofs so that we are sure the…?
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light source they are being viewed under is correct
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2.0 delta e is…?
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Barely noticeable
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less than 5.0 delta e is a…?
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fair match
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index colour points you in the direction in some system where you will hopefully find some _____________
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actual description of colour
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CMYK is the _____ colour model?
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Subtractive
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Descriptive colour is based on _________ not science
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human language
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