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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are membrane-bound cells called?
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Eukaryotic
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What are cells that are NOT membrane-bound called?
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Prokaryotic
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What are cell walls?
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Tough, rigid, outer covering that protects and gives shape
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What is a plant cell wall made of?
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Cellulose
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What is a cell membrane?
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Protective layer around the cells
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What is the jellylike substance that fills cells clled?
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Cytoplasm
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What is the framework located in the cytoplasm called?
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Cytoskeleton
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What are proteins made up of?
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Organic molecules made up of amino acids
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What structure processes energy and manufactures substances needed by the cell?
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Organelles
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What part of the cell is the control center and directs all the operations of the cell?
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Nucleus
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What is the long, thread-like, hereditary material in the nucleus called?
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DNA
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When DNA coils tightly around proteins, what structures are formed?
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Chromosomes
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What are the green organelles in plants that make food called?
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Chloroplasts
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When chlorophyll captures light energy, it makes a sugar called?
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Glucose
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Light energy is stored in glucose molecules as?
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Chemical Energy
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What are the small structures that make proteins called?
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Ribosomes
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What stores and releases energy for the cell to use?
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Mitochondria
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What is a series of folded membranes that processes and moves materials around a cell called?
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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What are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Smooth & Rough
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What are membrane-bound spaces called that stores food for the cell?
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Vacuoles
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What contains digestive chemicals that break down food molelcules called?
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Lysosomes
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What is a group of similar cells called that work together to do one job?
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Tissue
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What is made up of two or more tissues that work together called?
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Organ
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What is a group of organs that work together called?
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Organ System
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What has two sets of lenses and is used to study organisms, cells, and cell parts?
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Compound microscope
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What microscope is used to view things that are too small to be viewed with compound microscopes?
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Electron microscopes
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Who was the first person to use a microscope to discover cells in cork?
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Robert Howe
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Who studied plant parts of cells?
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Mathias Schleiden
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Who studied animal cells?
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Theodor Schwann
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Who hypothesized the "cell theory"?
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Rudolf Virchow
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What are the three parts of the "Cell Theory"?
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All organisms are made of one or more cells, The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms, All cells come from cells.
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What are virses?
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A stand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating
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How do active viruses multiply?
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An active virus enters a host cell and makes new viruses, destroying the host cell.
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How do latent viruses multiply?
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As the host cell reproduces, the viruses DNA is copied.
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How do viruses affect oganisms?
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Viruses attack animals, plants, fungi, protists, and all prokaryotes.
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How do viruses spread?
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Carried by the wind, inhaled , by an animal.
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What is a bacteriophage?
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Viruses that infect bacteria.
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Who invented the first vaccine?
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Edward Jenner
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What are interferons?
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Proteins that protect cells from viruses.
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What is gene therapy?
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When viruses are used to reproduce healthy hereditary material rather than defective hereditary material
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