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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define the idea of Core and Periphery
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The concept of a developed core surrounded by an undeveloped periphery. The concept can be applied at various scales.
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Define cultural imperialism
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The practice of promoting the culture of a nation in another nation. The former of the two is normally the larger nation, and the latter normally the smaller, less affluent one.
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Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
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The value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year.
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Define Globalization
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The growing interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing colume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows, and the more widespread diffusion of technology.
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State one Globalization Index
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The A.T. Kearney index is a measure of globalization that tracks changes in four key components of global integration: trade and investment flows, movement of people across borders, volumes of international telephone traffic and internet usage, and participation in international organizations.
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Define Glocalization
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The term invented to emphasize that the globalization of a product is more successful when the product or service is adapted specifically to each locality or culture that it is marketed in. McDonald's is globalizing, where as it's menus adapting to different cultures is an example of glocalization
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Define Gross National Income (GNI)
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The total value of goods and services produced within a country, together with the balance of income and payments from or to other countries.
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What is outsourcing?
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The concept of taking internal company functions and paying an external firm to handle them.
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What is the time-space convergence?
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The reduction in the time taken to travel between two places due to improvements in transportation or communication technology.
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What is a Transnational Corporation (TNC)?
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A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment.
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What does economic globalization consider?
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1) Actual economic Flows (usually taken to be measures of globalization)
2) Restrictions to trade and capital |
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What does political globalization consider?
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1) Number of embassies and high commissions in a country
2) Number of international organizations of which the country is a member 3) Number of UN Peace missions the country has participated in |
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What does social globalization consider?
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1) Personal Contacts-telecom traffic, degree of tourism, general interactions
2) Information Flows-number internet users, television subscribers, number of radios (per 1000 people) and papers 3) Cultural Proximity-the domination of US cultural products (number of McDonalds restaurants) |
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What is World System Analysis?
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A way of looking at economic, social and political development.
Treats the world as a single unit. |
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What is the flaw of developmentalism?
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The developmentalism school assumed that each country was economically and politically free and that all countries follow the same route to development (i.e. how N.A. and Europe developed)
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What are the three developmental tiers of countries?
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Core-Mainly MEDCs
Periphery-LEDCs Semi-Periphery-A political label for countries with political instability |
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What type of country is categorized as a semi-periphery?
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Those countries where there are class struggles and social change, such as Latin America and Eastern Europe in the 1980s.
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What is the concept of distance decay?
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It suggests that areas that are closer together are more likely to interact then those that are far away.
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What is the opposition to distance decay?
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Recently there has been improvements in transport which have allowed greater distances to be covered in the same amount of time.
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What are the costs of transporting goods?
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Operating costs include:
Variable costs-fuel and wages Overhead costs-equipment, tracks and repairs Indirect Costs-Insurance |
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What are the best modes of transportation over different distances?
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Short distance trips- Road travel because of low overhead costs
Long Distance Trips-Water because of low operating costs |
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Between what two continents is there the greatest volume of telephone traffic?
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North America and Europe
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What reasons would help explain the trend of global telephone traffic?
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Population size- the larger the population the more calls likely to be made
Population Density-higher density areas make more phone calls to more people within that area Wealth-wealthy areas can afford more phones |
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How long did it take the internet to reach it's first 50 million users?
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Four Years.
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What does the digital divide refer to?
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The digital divide refers to the inequalities in opportunities between individuals, households, businesses and nations to access Information and Communication Technologies.
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For what reasons may there be a digital divide between two people?
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Rich vs. Poor Country
Urban vs. Rural Environment Under 35 vs. Over 35 years of age Male vs. Female Well-Paid vs. Poor |
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How does the digital divide affect inequalities between people?
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The digital divide can actually reinforce inequalities between people as there is a widening gap because the rich have access to information while the poor don't.
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What is the DAI and what does it do?
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The DAI is the digital access index which measures the overall ability of individuals in a country to access and use ICTs.
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Is globalization good or bad for developing countries?
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It has brought opportunities and challenges to developing countries as China and India have seen the positives of integrating into the global economy. Where as certain LEDCs have only been pushed further back as everyone develops and has access to information.
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What countries/organizations make the most cross-border transactions?
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The USA, EU and Japan.
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What does the World Bank do?
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Provides aid to poor countries in terms of loans and technical assistance. It now often provides help for debt repayment.
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What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
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The WTO monitors whether countries are following free trade rules. Critics say that it is biased in favour of TNCs and against small producers.
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What is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
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The IMF was established to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability and orderly exchange arrangements; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries.
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What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?
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Foreign direct investment is a long term participation by country A into country B usually involving participation in management, joint-venture, and transfer of technology.
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Who are the countries that have the highest FDI with respect to GDP?
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Ireland, Germany, Angola, and Nicaragua.
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Who are the countries that have the highest FDI into their country, compared to the world's total FDI?
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United States, U.K. China and other developed or emerging global economies.
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What countries are the main donors of international aid?
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North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.
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What region of the world receives the most remittances?
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Asia, in particular India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
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Do poor countries receive a higher amount of foreign aid, or remittances?
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Remittances
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What is the importance of remittances in relation to specific country's GDP?
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Some countries such as Haiti, Jordan, and the Philippines have remittances account for up to 25% of their GDP.
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