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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A structure found in plant cells but not animal cells:
a. nucleus b. plasma membrane c. endoplasmic reticulum d. cell wall |
Cell wall
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Structure of cells plasma membrane:
a. proteins sandwiched between 2 layers of phospholipid b. proteins embedded in 2 layers of phospholipid c. phospholipid sandwiched between 2 layers of protein |
Phospholipids sandwiched between 2 layers of proteins
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During diffusion, molecules move from lesser or greater concentration
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Move from greater to lesser concentration
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Which does not go together?
a. ribosome - protein syntesis b. lysosome - digestion c. Golgi app - photosynthesis |
Golgi apparatus - photosynthesis
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In mitochondria, chemical energy becomes available to cells in what process
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Cellular respiration
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A long whip-like structure that propels a cell
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Flagella
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Unicellular mean what?
Give 2 examples |
Single celled
Bacteria and protists |
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Multicellular means what?
Give 3 examples |
Many celled
Plants, animals, fungi |
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When were light microscopes discovered
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Around 1600
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What scientist saw "compartments" in cork (oak bark) and what did he call them
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Robert Hooke (English)
Called them cells |
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What scientist developed simple light microscope that could observe tiny living organisms
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch)
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What is the cell theory
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All living things are made of cells
Cells are basic unit of structure and function All cells come from pre-existing cells |
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How much does a light microscope magnify
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1000x
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How much does an electron microscope magnify
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1,000,000 x
Can see inside a cell |
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What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) do
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Study the surface of cells
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What does a transmission electron microscope (TEM) do
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Explore the internal structures of preserved cells
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Why is the basic light microscope still useful
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It can look at living cells.
Both the SEM and TEM can look at dead, preserved cells |
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A photograph of the view through a microscope is called
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Micrograph
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Each part of a cell with a specific job to do is called
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Organelle (mini-organ)
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Are plant and animal cells more alike or different
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Alike
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Thin outer covering of cell that regulates flow of chemicals in and out of cell
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Plasma membrane
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What part of the cell contains the genetic material DNA
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Nucleus
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Part of cell between the nucleus and plasma membrane - made of organelles suspended in fluid
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Cytoplasm
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What are 2 key differences between plant and animal cells
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Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Plant cell has strong cell wall oustide plasma membrane |
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Conversion of light energy to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
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Photosynthesis
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What protects the plant cell and maintains its shape
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Cell wall
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What are 2 basic types of cells
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Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic |
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What type of cells lacks a nucleus and most organelles - they are the oldest kind of cell
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Prokaryotic
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What is an example of a prokaryotic cell
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Bacteria and archaea
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What are examples of eukaryotic cells
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Protists
Fungi Plants Animals |
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What does eukaryotic mean
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Eu - true
Karyon - kernal or nucleus |
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Which are larger - prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic are 10-100 micrometers in diameter.
Larger than bacteria because there is a nucleus and organelles |
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What part of the cell is considered the "edge of life" because it separates the interior of the cell from the surroundings
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Plasma membrane
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What is the plasma membrane made up of
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Mostly proteins and a lipid called phospholipids
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In the plamsa membrane, phospholipids form a two-layer "sandwich" of molecules to surround the cell called a
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Phospholipid bilayer
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What polar molecules does the plasma membrane not allow to cross?
What are the non-polar molecules that cross easily? |
Polar - Sugars and many ions
Nonpolar - Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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What are 4 functions of membrane proteins
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Enzyme activity
Cell-to-cell recognition Cell signaling Transport of materials |
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Net movement of particles of a substance from higher to lower concentration
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Diffusion
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A system in balance is in
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Equilibrium
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Allows some substances to cross the plasma membrane and blocks other substances
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Selectively permeable membrane
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Diffusion across a membrane - does not require energy
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Passive transport
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Transport proteins provide a pathway for certain molecules to pass through permeable membrane
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Facilitated diffusion`
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Name 2 types of passive transport - do not require energy
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Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion |
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Passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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Osmosis
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A solution with a higher concentration of solute
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HYPERtonic
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A solution with a lower concentration of solute
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HYPOtonic
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A solution with equal concentrations of solutes
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ISOtonic
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What would happen to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
In a hypertonic solution? |
Gain water, swell, pop
Loss water, shrivel, die |
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A plant cell is healthiest in what kind of water balance?
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Hypotonic solution like rainwater.
It takes in water to become more firm. |
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How do animals get rid of too much water in a hypotonic solution?
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Fish use gills and kidneys to prevent too much water
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Use of energy to move molecules or ions across a membrane
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Active transport
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Where does the chemical energy come from for protein pumps to work and move solutes across a membrane
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Mitochondria
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During active transport, the protein uses energy and moves the solute from higher or lower concentration?
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Moves solute from lower to higher concentration
*Active transport is opposite diffusion |
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How are large molecules moved through plasma membrane
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In vesicles - small membrane sacs
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Process by which large molecules are expelled from the cell
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Exocytosis
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Process by which large molecules are brought into the cell
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Endocytosis
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Pair of membranes that surround the nucleus
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Nuclear envelope
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Ball-like mass of fibers and granules in nucleus
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Nucleolus
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Where are ribosomes located
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Nucleolus
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Proteins are constructed in a cell by what
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Ribosomes
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Where are ribosomes located
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Suspended in cytoplasm or
attached to ER - endoplasmic reticulum |
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Extensive network of membranes within the cytoplasm
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Function of endoplasmic reticulum
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Manufacture and transporation
Produces large variety of molecules |
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What part of the ER produces proteins
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Rough ER
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What part of the ER builds lipid molecules
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Smooth ER
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What part of the body is rich in rough ER
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Salivary glands - secrete lots of protein
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What part of the body have large amounts of smooth ER
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Ovaries and testes that produce sex hormones
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What organelle modifies, stores, and routes cell products
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Golgi apparatus
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Large membrane-bound sacs used to store undigested nutrients in the cell
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Vacuoles
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Do animal or plant cells have a large central vacuole
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Plant
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Membrane-cound sace that contain digestive enzymes to break down large molecules
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Lysosomes
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List 3 functions of lysosomes
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Nourish cells
Destroy harmful bacteria Recycle damaged organelles |
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What are 2 types of cellular "power stations"
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Chloroplasts
Mitochondria |
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Where are chloroplasts found
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Plant cells and algae
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What organelle takes energy from the sun
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Chloroplast
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What organelle unpacks captured sun energy to use for cellular work
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Mitochondria
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Where does cellular respiration occur
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Mitochondria
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What is the main source of energy that cells use for work
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ATP
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Where are mitochondria found
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Almost all eukaryotic cells including plants and algae
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What helps the cell move, support organelles, maintain shape
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Cytoskeleton
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Straight, hollow tubes of proteins that give rigidity, shape, organization to a cell
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Microtubules
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What is a functionof microtubules
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Provide a track for organelles to move along
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Long, thin, whip-like structure that allows some cells to move.
Waves in an "S" shaped motion |
Flagella
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Shorter structures that move back and forth to move a cell and sweep out trapped debris in the respiratory tract
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Cilia
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