Gr 10 Sci Ch 4

Front 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Back 1

Matter

Front 2

Rock, wood, air, metal, water, animals are examples of

Back 2

Matter

Front 3

A pure substance that can not be broken down into other substances by chemical means

Back 3

Element
(the basic ingredient of matter)

Front 4

Gold, helium, mercury, oxygen are examples of

Back 4

Elements

Front 5

How many elements are essential to life

Back 5

25

Front 6

What 4 elements make up 96% of living matter in the body

Back 6

O - oxygen
C - carbon
H - hydrogen
N - Nitrogen

Front 7

Elements that make up less than 0.01 percent of body but are still very critical for health

Back 7

Trace elements

Front 8

Give an example of an important trace element

Back 8

Iron or iodine

Front 9

Where do we get most of the trace elements we need

Back 9

A balanced diet

Front 10

Substance containing 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed state

Back 10

Compound

(H2O is a compound that always has the same ratio of hydrogen and oxygen)

Front 11

Each element consists of a single kind of what

Back 11

Atom

Front 12

Smallest possible particle of an element

Back 12

Atom

(from Greek word "atomos" meaning indivisible)

Front 13

Atoms are made of even smaller components called

Back 13

Subatomic particles

Front 14

Subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge

Back 14

Proton

Front 15

Subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge

Back 15

Electron

Front 16

Subatomic particle that is electrically neutral

Back 16

Neutron

Front 17

Which subatomic particles are found inside the nucleus

Back 17

Protons and neurtons

Front 18

All atoms of an element have the same number of protons that is known as the elements

Back 18

Atomic number

(Helium atom has 2 protons and so has an atomic number 2)

Front 19

What element has the same number of protons in the atom but different numbers of neutrons?

Back 19

Isotopes

Front 20

In what kind of isotope does the nucleus decay and break down giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy?

Back 20

Radioactive isotope

Front 21

How can radioactive isotopes be useful?

Back 21

In research and medicine

Front 22

What part of the atom is the key to how an it reacts with other atoms?

Back 22

Electrons
They differ in the amount of energy they have and belong to different energy levels

Front 23

How many electrons can the lowest (nearest the nucleus)energy level hold?
How many in the second level?

Back 23

2

8

Front 24

What kind of chemical bond occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom?

Back 24

Ionic bond

Front 25

What is an example of an ionic bond?

Back 25

NaCl - table salt or sodium chloride

Front 26

Atoms that have become electrically charged as the result of gaining or losing electrons are called

Back 26

Ions

Front 27

What kind of chemical bond is formed when 2 atoms share electrons

Back 27

Covalent bond

Front 28

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds form a

Back 28

Molecule

Front 29

Changes that result in the formation of one or more new substances are called

Back 29

Chemical reactions

Front 30

What is a convenient way to describe a chemical reaction

Back 30

Chemical formula

Front 31

The starting materials for a chemical reaction are called

Back 31

Reactants

Front 32

The ending materials in a chemical reaction are called

Back 32

Products

Front 33

The majority of a cells structure is made of

Back 33

Water

Front 34

A molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges

Back 34

Polar molecule

Front 35

What is an example of a common polar molecule

Back 35

Water

Front 36

A weak attraction between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom within another molecule is what type of bond

Back 36

Hydrogen bond

Front 37

Tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another

Back 37

Cohesion

Front 38

Cohesion is strongest for what kind of liquid

Back 38

Water

Front 39

The type of attraction that occurs between unlike molecules is called

Back 39

Adhesion

Front 40

How does a tree transport water from the roots up to the leaves

Back 40

Both cohesion and adhesion

Front 41

Total amount of energy associated with the random movements of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter

Back 41

Thermal energy

Front 42

A measure of hte average energy of random motion of the particles in a substance

Back 42

Temperature

Front 43

What happens when a substance is heated

Back 43

The molecules move faster and cause temperature to rise

Front 44

Amount of matter in a given volume

Back 44

Density

Front 45

Is something in a solid state more or less dense

Back 45

More dense

**except water
when water becomes ice, it is less dense

Front 46

A uniform mixture of 2 or more substances

Back 46

Solution

Front 47

Table salt mixed into a glass of water forms a

Back 47

Solution

Front 48

The substance that dissolves in the other substance is the

Back 48

Solvent

Front 49

The substance is dissolved

Back 49

Solute

Front 50

When water is used as the solvent, the solution is called

Back 50

Aqueous solution
(aqua = water)

Front 51

What is the main solvent inside all cells, in blood, and in plant sap

Back 51

Water

Front 52

For chemical processes of life to work correctly, there needs to be a balance of what in the body

Back 52

Acid and base

H+ hydrogen ions
OH- hydroxide ion

Front 53

A compound that donates an H+ to a solution

Back 53

Acid

Front 54

A compound that removes H+ from an aqueous solution

Back 54

Base

Front 55

A pH of 7 is
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral

Back 55

Neutral

Front 56

How do we describe how acidic or basic a solution is

Back 56

pH scale

Front 57

The pH of the solution inside most living cells is close to

Back 57

7 or neutral

Front 58

What is the range of the pH scale

Back 58

0-14

0 = most acidic
14 = most basic

Front 59

Substances that cause a solution to resist changes in pH

Back 59

Buffers

Front 60

How does a buffer work?

Back 60

By accepting or donating H+ ions to keep pH normal

Front 61

What is the pH of human blood

Back 61

7.4

Front 62

Which of these is not an element?
a. hydrogen
b. carbon
c. water
d. iron

Back 62

Water - it is a compound of H20

Front 63

Does Nitrogen -14 or Nitrogen -16 have more protons or neutrons

Back 63

Neutrons

A radioactive isotope has same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Front 64

A covalent bond forms when:
a. opposites ions attract
b. protons are shared
c. two atoms share electrons

Back 64

Two atoms share electrons

Front 65

Substances formed by a chemical reaction are called:
a. reactants
b. products
c. chemical formulas
d. chemical equations

Back 65

Products

Front 66

A solution with a pH of 9 is:
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral
d. higher in H+ ions than OH-

Back 66

Basic