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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main physiographic features that separate Europe from Africa and Asia?
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Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea
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Compare the physical size of Europe, U.S., Canada.
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USA and Canada is twice as big as Europe
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What is the southernmost point of Europe in comparison to the United States?
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Nashville
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What explains the mild (temperature) climate of Western Europe?
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N. Atlantic Drift and Westerly Winds from Atlantic Ocean
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How do water bodies affect European climates?
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Temperature:
Winter = Warming Effect Summer = Cooling Precipitation: Oceans = Source of moisture |
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Where is the Cfb climate found in Europe?
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Northwest part of Europe
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What are the main features of Cfb climate?
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Humid, temperate climate, with no dry season and cool summers
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What characterizes the Mediterranean climates (Cs)?
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Hot, dry summers with mild, rainy winters
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Where are the wine-producing regions in Europe?
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France, Italy, and Spain; 53% of world production
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What are the four physiographic regions of Europe?
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Western Uplands, N European Lowland, Central Uplands and Alpine System
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How were the European Alps formed?
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An African plate bumped into an Eurasian plate
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What characterizes the European farming system?
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They have more natural fertile soil
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How many people live in Europe?
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730 Million; 12% of the World
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Where do the people of Europe live?
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Northern Europe in the big four: Germany, France, U.K. and Italy
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What is the rate of natural population growth in Europe?
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0%
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What is the aging population?
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Senior people (age 65+) making up a growing share of total population
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Why is aging in Europe a problem?
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Smaller working population, smaller taxation base, increased labor costs, health services and social welfare
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What characterizes the population pyramid of a developed country?
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Developed countries have more older people and fewer young people
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What is colonialism?
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The establishment and maintenance of political, economic, social, and cultural domination by a state over a separate and alien society
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What was the geographic focus of the first wave?
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The Western Hemisphere; North and South America
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What was the geographic focus of the 2nd wave?
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Africa, Asia, and the Pacific
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How did European colonialism and the Industrial Revolution affect world geography?
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It reorientated Europe toward the Atlantic and it led to environmental degradation
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How many people migrated from Europe to the rest of the world?
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300 Million in the last 300 years, mostly to N and S America, but also to places like Australia and South Africa
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What is a nation?
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A culture concept
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What is a state?
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A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government
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What is a nation-state?
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A State whose territory coincides with the area settled by a cultural group; Ex: Japan
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What is Balkanization?
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The process of breaking up of a region into smaller often hostile political units
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What ethnic groups live in the region once called Yugoslavia?
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Orthodox, Catholic, and Islam
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Where do the ethnic groups of former Yugoslavia live now?
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Western Europe
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How did the political boundaries of the former Yugoslavia change after WWII?
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More states were formed
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What was the Kosovo conflict about?
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An attempt at ethnic cleansing, in which, they wanted to get rid of all the Kosovar Albanians
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Where are the Muslim groups in Europe?
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In the southeast corner of Europe
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Where did the invasion of Normandy occur?
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At the plateau of Brittany
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What is USSR?
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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What is Soviet Union?
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Soviet Union is U.S.S.R
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Which countries share a land border with Russia?
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14 countries
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How many time zones does Russia cover?
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11
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How big is Russia compared to United States?
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Russia is twice the size of United States
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What percentage of Russia lies north of 40 N, 50 N, and 60 N?
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Half of Russia lies north of 60 N
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What is continentality?
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Harsh cold winters with large temperature variations
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What explains the continentality of Russia's climate?
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The distance from the ocean
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What is the seasonal distribution of precipitation over Russia?
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Lots of summer precipitation and not much precipitation in winter
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What is a Df climate and where is it found?
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Humid, cold climate with no dry season, found in the North
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What is a Dw climate and where is it found?
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Humid, cold climate with dry winters and it is found in the East
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Why are farming opportunities quite limited in Russia?
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Permafrost
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What is permafrost?
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Permanently frozen soil
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What percent of Russia's land suffers from permafrost?
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60%
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What are the common problems of permafrost regions?
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It inhibits farming, construction, and land digging
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What percent of Russia's land is arable?
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7.5%
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Where is the Fertile Triangle?
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Southeast Russia
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What characterizes the environments of the Fertile Triangle?
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It is the best land and is characterized by mollisol (very fertile black soil) and most of Russia lives in Fertile Triangle
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Where is Kaliningrad?
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Between Lithuania and Poland
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Why is it so important to Russia?
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Ice-free year-round
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Why is the majority of Western Siberian Plain not suitable for agriculture?
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Cold climate, poor soil, and swampy lands
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What causes spring flooding of the major rivers in Siberia?
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Upper streams in south melt first
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Where are Russia's major oil and natural gas fields?
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West Siberia
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What makes Vladivostok unique?
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Home port of the Russian Pacific Fleet and was closed to outside world before 1992
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Why is it important to Russia?
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Close to China and North Korea
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What are the four major zones of biomes in Russia?
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Tundra, Taiga, Mixed Forest, and Steppe Grasslands
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Where is the tundra located?
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The northern edge of the northern hemisphere
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Where is the mixed forest located?
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In the Fertile Triangle
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What are the key tenets of the Soviet state of socialism?
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Public ownership and state-planning
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What is territorial production complex?
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Equally-related industries clustered together
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What was the "Cold War"?
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The U.S.-led capitalist countries versus the Soviet-led socialist countries
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What is glasnost?
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Personal freedom
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What is perestroyka?
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Economic freedom
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How many people live in the Russian Federation?
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140 million
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Where do people in the Russian Federation live?
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80% live in European-part of Russia
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Compare the population density of Russia and U.S.?
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Russia has less than half compared to the United States
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Why is Russia's population shrinking?
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They are dying younger, having fewer kids, and resisting immigration
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Is aging a problem in Russia?
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Yes, by 2030 the population is expected to drop to 120 million
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Is the Russian Federation a nation-state?
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No, because it is very diverse
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What (main) ethnic groups live in Russia today?
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The Russians make up 79.8%
The Taters make up 3.8% The Ukranians make up 2% |
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Where do Koryaks and Chukchis live?
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In Russia's Far East
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What are the main religions in Russia?
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Eastern Orthodox, Christianity, and Islam
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What are the main languages spoken in Russia?
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Slavic, Turkic, and Uralik
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