Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the Greek origin of Asia?
|
"sunrise"
|
|
|
What is the Assyrian origin of Asia?
|
"The East"
|
|
|
What is the meaning of Asia as a world region?
|
Asia was NOT discovered; it was constructed by Europeans
|
|
|
What are 10 labels often used to describe Asia?
|
1. Asia
2. The Orient 3. The East 4. The Near East 5. The Far East 6. The Middle East 7. Southwest Asia/ West Asia 8. Southeast Asia 9. East Asia 10. Pacific Asia |
|
|
What are the main physiographic features that separate Asia from other world regions?
|
Separated from Africa by Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and the Suez Canal
|
|
|
What is the land area of Asia?
|
17.3 million sq miles
|
|
|
Asia is what percent of the World?
|
30%
|
|
|
Covering nearly ___ Earth's land surface, Asia is by far the _______ of the seven continents.
|
1/3; largest
|
|
|
What are the approximate latitudes of the southernmost and northernmost point of Asia?
|
80 N and 10 S
|
|
|
List the latitudinal zones that Asia covers.
|
All 5
Arctic Subarctic Midlatitude Subtropical Equatorial/tropical |
|
|
Through which countries runs the Equator in Asia?
|
Indonesia
|
|
|
Through which countries runs the Tropic of Cancer?
|
7 Countries
|
|
|
Make sure you are familiar with the lettering system that we have used in studying climates throughout the semester.
|
The (modified) Koeppen System
Asia covers ALL climatic types on Earth |
|
|
What is monsoon?
|
an Arabic word which describes a seasonal reversal of winds
|
|
|
What causes monsoons?
|
The differing heating/cooling capacity of land and oceans
|
|
|
Describe the dry monsoon season.
|
October - April
Winds blow predominantly from the NE Cold air is heavy and pushes south |
|
|
Describe the wet monsoon season.
|
April - October
Winds blow predominantly from the SW (SE in E Asia) Warm air is light and pushes north |
|
|
How do monsoons impact the human geography of Asia?
|
Rice is grown in areas with monsoon climates
|
|
|
What characterizes the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in Asia?
|
Precipitation generally decreases from S-E to N-W
|
|
|
What are the 3 main types of natural hazards that often occur in Asia?
|
1. Earthquakes
2. Typhoons 3. Desertification |
|
|
Where do earthquakes occur in Asia?
|
Along the six major plates that meet in Asia
|
|
|
Where do typhoons occur in Asia?
|
E and SE Asia
|
|
|
Where does desertification occur in Asia?
|
Arid, Semi-Arid, and Dry Sub-Humid areas resulting from various climatic variations, but primarily from human activities
|
|
|
Where is the naturally fertile land in Asia?
|
E India and E China
|
|
|
In many Asian countries, so-called minority groups make up more than ___ of their population.
|
30%
|
|
|
What are the four great ancient civilizations in Asia?
|
Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Ganges Valley, and Wei-Huang Valley
|
|
|
Geography of the Silk Road
Started at _______ (Xi'an)/China, through Persia, India, Arabia, finished at Antioch or ______________ |
Changan, Constantinople
|
|
|
Geography of the Silk Road
Passes thru __ ____________ _________ |
20 (modern-day) countries
|
|
|
Geography of the Silk Road
______ _______ |
Rugged terrain
|
|
|
Geography of the Silk Road
Many famous _______ ______ along the way |
ancient cities
|
|
|
Geography of the Silk Road
________ --> much of East & mainland SE Asia |
Buddhism
|
|
|
Geography of the Silk Road
_____ --> NW China |
Islam
|
|
|
The Mongol Empire
The _______ contiguous ____ ______ in history |
largest; land empire
|
|
|
The Mongol Empire
Founded by _______ ____ in 1206 |
Genghis Khan
|
|
|
The Mongol Empire
Covered >__ _______ __ _____ (__ _______ ___) at its zenith |
12 million sq miles; 33 million km2
|
|
|
The Mongol Empire
With an estimated population of >___ _______ ______ |
100 million people
|
|
|
____ = the Mongol Empire at Genghis' death
|
1227
|
|
|
____ = invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River (Subutai's reconnaissance unit)
|
1223
|
|
|
____ = Batu Khan & Subedei began the conquest of Russia
|
1237
|
|
|
____ - __ = smashed northern Russian principalities in a lightning winter campaign
|
1237-38
|
|
|
____ = Kiev was taken by storm & razed to the ground
|
1240
|
|
|
____ = launched assaults against Poland & Hungary. The Oder was passed at Raciborz (Poland) & the Mongol army swept northwards down the river valley.
|
1240
|
|
|
____ = (April 9th) German-Polish army was annihilated at Legnica (Poland).
|
1241
|
|
|
____ = A few days later the 2nd Mongol army routed the Hungarians at Mohi
|
1241
|
|
|
____ = Hulegu was sent by his brother Mongke Khan to conquer the remaining Muslim states in SW Asia
|
1255
|
|
|
____ = Captured Baghdad, the last Abbasid Caliph executed.
|
1258
|
|
|
____ = withdrew from Syria
|
1260
|
|
|
____ = the Mongol Empire after complete conquest of Song China
|
1279
|
|
|
The Empire reached its greatest extent under ______
|
Kublai
|
|
|
Chinese maritime expeditions
Zheng He (1371-1435) China's most famous navigator ____ - ____: _____ _______ ca. __ _____ ______ Columbus's voyage to America The only time in history |
1405-1433: seven voyages
80 years before |
|
|
Zhenghe = "When China Ruled the Seas"
Made calls at ____ __ _________ in SE Asia, S Asia, Persian Gulf, & E Africa _____ = ___ ____________ _____ _____ in the S China Sea & the Indian Ocean. Had the _______, ____ ________ _____ in the world in the 15th Century A fleet of __ _____ manned by over __,___ ___ |
over 30 countries
China = the unchallenged naval power largest, most advanced fleet 62 ships; 20,000 men |
|
|
British colonization of South Asia
___ _________ in South Asia except modern Afghanistan & Nepal. |
All countries
|
|
|
1 Country Spain had control of during European Colonialism?
|
the Philippines
|
|
|
2 Countries Portugal had control of during European Colonialism?
|
Macao, East Timor
|
|
|
2 Countries and 1 Area that Britain had control of during European Colonialism?
|
Myanmar, Malaysian Peninsula, Hong Kong
|
|
|
1 Country Netherlands had control of during European Colonialism?
|
Indonesia
|
|
|
1 Area that France had control of during European Colonialism?
|
Indochina
|
|
|
In SE Asia, ________ is the only country that was not colonized. Why?
|
Thailand; It was a buffer state of convenience.
|
|
|
What is the East Asian "Miracle" about?
|
The rapid growth of several E & SE Asian economies b/w 1950s - 1990s
|
|
|
The East Asian "Miracle": Global Impacts
_______ _____'_ ________ ___ A significant global mfg center A major ________ Global investors A major ___________ ___ (___) (60% the developing world) Market potential New int'l division of labor |
Changed world's economic map
exporter destination for FDI |
|
|
Middle East:
1) contributes __% of world oil production 2) accounts for __% of world oil export 3) contains __% of proven oil reserves |
30%
43% 65% |
|
|
_ out of every 10 people in the world are in Asia
|
6
|
|
|
Asia contains the ___ most populous countries in the world
|
two
|
|
|
___ of the world's most populous countries are in Asia
|
six
|
|
|
Asia is home to ~_ _______ people (2006)
|
4 billion
|
|
|
By 2050, Asia's population will increase to ~_._ billion, or a net growth of _._ billion.
|
5.3
1.3 |
|
|
By 2050, _ of the world's 10 most populous countries will be in Asia
|
5
|
|
|
B/w 2006-2050, Asia's population growth (1.3 billion) will occur mainly in _____ Asia (~__%)
|
South; 60%
|
|
|
The majority of Asia's population lives in _______ ____
The _______ part of E, S, & SE Asia contains roughly __% of world's population or __% of Asia's total population. |
Monsoon Asia
monsoon 50% 90% |
|
|
East & South Asia contains roughly __% of world's population or __% of Asia's total population
|
46%
77% |
|
|
____ Asian countries contains more than __% of all people on Earth.
|
Five
45% |
|
|
Population density: Which is higher - South or East or Southeast Asia
|
S Asia
|
|
|
__% of Indonesia's ___ million people live on the Java Island
|
60%
219 |
|
|
Agriculture and Asian Civilizations
All civilizations started with _________ farming = agriculture |
sedentary
|
|
|
Western countries have =
"__________" = ______________ = moving away from agriculture Many Asian countries remain ________ societies |
modernized; industrialized
agrarian |
|
|
_________ _______ is a hallmark of Asia's farming system
|
Intensive landuse
|
|
|
Rice is grown in areas with _______ climates
|
monsoon
|
|
|
Asia still produces ~__% of all the rice in the world
_____ & _____: ~50% Asia's top 10 produce 86% |
90%
China & India |
|
|
Rice Cultivation in Asia
"_____" from the Malay word "padi" meaning "____" 1 to 3 crops of rice a year; depending on rainfall & temperature Rotation: ____ (summer/monsoon) & wheat (winter) Labor-intensive but seasonal Water = key Rice & cultures |
Paddy; rice
rice |
|
|
Tea was discovered in _____ more than _,___ years ago
Tea has played a significant role in many Asian countries for centuries as a staple beverage, a curative, & a symbol of status |
China; 5,000
|
|
|
Geographic origin of Tea Plant
Yunnan & Sichuan provinces of China Northern Myanmar ____ climates |
Warm
|
|
|
The Word "Tea"
The Chinese character is pronounced differently in various _______ dialects __ = from the ___ ___ dialect (Xiamen/Amoy) ___ = from the ________ dialect (N China) & the _________ dialect (Guangzhou/Canton, HK, Macau) __ = used in the __ dialect (Shanghai) |
Chinese
te; Min Nan cha; Mandarin; Cantonese zu; Wu |
|
|
Which country is the largest consumer of tea?
|
India
|
|
|
Asia = __% of global tea cultivated areas
|
89%
|
|
|
Which country is the largest exporter of tea?
|
Sri Lanka (20%)
|
|
|
Which country is the largest importer of tea?
|
UK (13%)
|
|
|
4 Common Types of Tea?
|
1. White
2. Green 3. Oolong 4. Black |
|
|
What 2 major contributions has America made to tea drinking?
|
1. Iced Tea (1904)
2. Tea Bags (1908) |
|
|
High quality tea comes from _________
|
mountains
|
|
|
What does "Agony of the leaves" mean?
|
The relaxation of curled leaves during steeping.
|
|
|
What is "dust"?
|
The smallest grade of tea
|
|
|
rearing silkworms for the production of raw silk
|
sericulture
|
|
|
Silk was first made by _____ about 4,7000 years ago
Spread to _______ + ________ colonies |
China
England; American |
|
|
China produces > __% of raw silk
|
70%
|
|
|
What are the 4 major religions originated in Asia?
|
1. Hinduism
2. Buddhism 3. Confucianism 4. Islam |
|
|
Hinduism has its origins in the _____ Valley Civilization & Vedic civilization
|
Indus
|
|
|
Hinduism
The world's ______ religion The world's 3rd _______ religion _____________ = the cycle of rebirth _____ = "deeds" Union with _______ = the Universal Soul Cultural impacts A ___ __ ____ ___ _____ ______ |
Oldest
largest reincarnation karma Brahman way of life The Caste System |
|
|
The Caste System
Born into one of the 4 "______" (classes) A _____ system ("rules of purity" Officially _______ _________ impacts: job, marriage, behavior, etc. Changing? |
"Varnas"
rigid illegal Pervasive |
|
|
The Caste System
"___________" (Harijan or Dalit) children often have _______ _____________ in the caste system |
Untouchable
limited opportunities |
|
|
Buddhism originated in ____________ _____
|
Northeastern India
|
|
|
Buddhism
Founded by ______ _______ (560 B.C. - 480 B.C.) in N India The ____ _____ ______ The _________ ____ Spread to Sri Lanka + E & SE Asia |
Buddha Gautama
Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path |
|
|
Buddhism: The Four Noble Truths
1. All life is characterized by _________. 2. Suffering originates in _______. 3. Suffering can be stopped by the ________ ________ __ _______. 4. The steps in stopping the suffering are ___ _________ ____. |
suffering
craving complete stopping of craving the Eightfold Path |
|
|
Buddhism: The Eightfold Path
1. Right _____ 2. Right __________ 3. Right ______ 4. Right _______ 5. Right __________ 6. Right ______ 7. Right ___________ 8. Right _____________ |
Views
Intentions Speech Conduct Livelihood Effort Mindfulness Concentration |
|
|
Buddhism began to spread along the ____ ____ around the 1st Century B.C.
Tibet was one of the last regions to accept Buddhism. It was not until the 11th century that Buddhism became widely accepted there. |
Silk Road
|
|
|
About __% of all people on Earth follow Islam.
Estimates of the total # of _______ range from 0.7 to _._ billion worldwide The ______ _______ world religion...and growing Islam is in a period of _____ ______ It is expected that, if current trends continue, Islam will became the most popular religion sometime in the mid-__st century. |
22%
Muslims; 1.2 second largest rapid growth 21st |
|
|
Islam started in _____ (Makkah), when the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) read the first revelation to Muhammad.
|
Mecca
|
|
|
Diffusion of Islam: 630-1600 AD
______ _______ ______ |
Follow trading routes
|
|
|
Areas at one time under Muslim rule
Islam has spread to ____, ______ & ______ as well as across the ______ ____. |
Asia, Africa & Europe
Middle East |
|
|
Where is the largest Muslim population on Earth?
|
Indonesia
|
|
|
The two largest subgroups of the Muslims
1) _____ Muslims - Make up __% of the Muslim world - Comfortable ________ _____ _____ ______ _______ _________ - Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Pakistan, etc. 2) _______ (Shia) Muslims - Promote a ______ ______________ __ ___ ______ & _____ _________ __ ___ _________ -Iran, part of Iraq |
Sunni
90% pursuing their faith within secular societies Shi'ite strict interpretation of the Qur'an & close adherence to its teachings |
|
|
Iraq: Ethnic & Religious Makeup
Sunni in _+_ Shia in __ Shia = __% |
N+W
SE 60% |
|
|
What is Confucianism?
______ _______ _____ _______ = the basis of social harmony "_____" (as individual) - Cultivation of conscience & character "_____" (social rituals) - Conformity - acceptance of social roles |
Social harmony
Moral conduct "Inner" "Outer" |
|
|
Religious realms: the big picture
1) Islam in _ & __ 2) Confucianism & Buddhism in _ 3) Hinduism in _ |
W & SE
E S |
|
|
SW & Central Asia: _____ dominant overall
One internal faultline = _____ vs. _______ (Shia) |
Islam
Sunni; Shi'ite |
|
|
Religions in South Asia
More diverse, some rivalry ________ = India _____ = Pakistan + Bangladesh + 115 million Muslims in India ________ = Sri Lanka + Bhutan + partly in Nepal & NW India |
Hinduism
Islam Buddhism |
|
|
Religions in East & SE Asia
Several cohabitate, intermingled _________ _________ = E Asia (China, HK, Taiwan, Japan, & Korea) + Singapore ________ Indochina + Thailand + Myanmar _______ SE Asia = Indonesia, Malaysia |
Confucian societies
Buddhist Islamic |
|
|
Which one is larger: Africa or N America?
|
Africa
|
|
|
Is Africa a continent of jungles and herds of wild animals?
|
No
|
|
|
Is Africa a continent of deserts?
|
No
|
|
|
North Africa
More in common with __ Asia - _______ + ___ - ______ language - _______ religion Africa South of Sahara - From ________ __________ to _______ - ______ ____ of inhabitants ("Black Africa") - Distinctive ________ - Legacy of ________ ___________ - Many ________ |
SW Asia
Dryness + oil Arabic Islamic tropical rainforest; desert Darker skin cultures European colonialism problems |
|
|
What characterizes the geographic patterns of Africa's climate and vegetation zones?
|
They are symmetrical
|
|
|
A = _____ __________ _______
N & S of the Equator |
humid equatorial climate
|
|
|
A_ = no dry season
Congo Basin + E coast of Madagascar |
f
|
|
|
A_ = short dry season
Mainly Congo basin + SW coast (N hemisphere) |
m
|
|
|
Main types of climates in Africa?
|
Humid Temperate
Dry Humid Equatorial |
|
|
Main types of vegetation in Africa?
|
Mediterranean
Steppe Desert Steppe Tropical savanna Tropical rainforest |
|
|
A_ = dry winter
Large areas N & S of Am |
w
|
|
|
B = dry climate
BW = arid (desert) BW_ = hot |
h
|
|
|
B = dry climate
BS = semiarid (steppe) BS_ = hot |
h
|
|
|
C = humid temperate climate
Cs = Mediterranean Cs_ = hot summer |
a
|
|
|
C = humid temperate climate
Cs = Mediterranean Cs_ = cool summer |
b
|
|
|
C = humid temperate climate
Cf = no dry season Cf_ = hot summer Cf_ = cool summer |
a
b |
|
|
C = humid temperate climate
Cw = dry winter Cw_ = hot summer Cw_ = cool summer |
a
b |
|
|
What are the 3 deserts of Africa?
|
Sahara, Namib, and Kalahari
|
|
|
What are the 4 lakes of Africa?
|
1. Lake Victoria
2. Lake Tanganyika 3. Lake Nyasa 4. Lake Chad |
|
|
What are the 5 rivers of Africa?
|
1. Nile
2. Congo 3. Niger 4. Zambezi 5. Orange |
|
|
long steep slope or cliff separating two areas at different levels
|
Escarpments
|
|
|
Currently, East Africa is breaking away from the rest of Africa creating the ____ _______ that extend from the Red Sea thru E Africa
|
rift valleys
|
|
|
total length > 6,000 miles
The elongated lakes lie within these ____ _______ |
rift valleys
|
|
|
Where are most of the African Forest Fires?
|
Mainly savanna and steppe
|
|
|
Shifting Cultivation in Africa
- aka "_____-___-____" agriculture - an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned |
"slash-and-burn"
|
|
|
Shifting cultivation usually starts with cutting _____ & _ ____ which clears a spot for crop production
|
trees & a fire
|
