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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a neuron?
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individual nerve cell
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dendrite
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part of a neuron; receives messages from other neurons
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soma
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part of a neuron; receives messages from other neurons and sends nerve impulses down the axon
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axon
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thin fiber that carries the nerve impulse
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axon terminal
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lines up with somas and dendrites of other neurons
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ion
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electrically charged molecule
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resting potential
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when a neuron is inactive
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action potential
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once a neuron's charge rises to 50 millivolts
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synapses
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space between each neuron
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neurotransmitters
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chemicals that alter activity in neurons
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myelin sheaths
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layer of fat that helps nerve impulses move faster
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neurogenesis
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the growth of brain cells
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central nervous system (CNS)
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consists of nerve cells in brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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carries info from CNS to rest of body
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somatic system
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links spinal cord into sense organs and skeletal muscles
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autonomic system
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serves internal organs and glands of the cell
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sympathetic
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fight or flight; increased heart rate, dilated pupils, increased respiration, salivation inhibited
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parasympathetic
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returns body to normal after sympathetic arousal
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endocrine system
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made up of glands which secrete chemical that pour directly into the blood stream or lymph system
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pituitary gland
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pea-sized globe at base of brain; hormone that influences growth
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pineal gland
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released melatonin in response to variations in light; high melatonin levels tells body to sleep
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thyroid
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located in neck; regulates metabolism
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hyperthyroidism
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thin, tense, excitable, nervous
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hypothyroidism
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inactive, sleepy, slowness, obesity
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epinephrine
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associated with fear and arouses the body
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norepinephrine
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associated with anger and arouses the body
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adrenal glands
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located under the back of the ribcage, on top of the kidneys; releases epinephrine/norepinephrine and produces corticoids
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adrenal medulla
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inner core of adrenal gland; releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
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adrenal cortex
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outer bark of adrenal gland; produces corticoids, which regulates self balance in body; deficiency causes craving for salty foods
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cerebral cortex
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1/10 inch thick, but contains 70% of neurons in CNS; responsible for language, tools, social living, etc
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corticalization
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wrinkles in cortex
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corpus callosum
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connects the right and left hemispheres
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spatial neglect
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damage to the right hemisphere causes a person to pay no attention to visual space on left side
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left hemisphere
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used for language, math, juding time and rhythm, coordination of complex movements
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right hemisphere
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only simplest languages and numbers, good at perceptual skills, artistic side, expressing and detecting emotions
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lobes
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areas bordered by major grooves or fissures or defined by their functions
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occipital lobe
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back of the brain; visual area of the cortex
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parietal lobe
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top of brain; body sensations, somatosensory area senses touch, temperature, pressure
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temporal lobe
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each side of brain; registers hearing, language center
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frontal lobe
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front of brain; higher mental abilities, control of movement, personality, contains motor cortex
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motor cortex
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directs body's muscles
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broca's area
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speech center on left frontal lobe; damage causes difficulty in speaking or writing
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wernick's area
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second language site on left temporal lobe; damage causes difficulty with comprehension
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biopsychology
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how biological processes, the brain and the nervous system relate to behavior
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CT scan
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x-ray of brain
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MRI scan
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3-d image of brain, shows brain activity
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PET scan
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detects positrons emitted by weakly radioactive glucose as it is consumed by brain; shows which areas use energy
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