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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why do I need to know this?
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-Because the generation preceding you does not.
-Because technology is constantly changing. -You will be expected to know it on some level. |
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Hardware
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All of the physical parts of a computer.
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Software
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Organized collections of computer data.
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Two major software categories
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System- software that provides the basic non-task specific functions of the computer.
Application- software which is employed by users to accomplish specific tasks. |
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CPU
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-Central Processing Unit
-Component of the computer that interprets and carries out the instructions in the software. |
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Motherboard
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-Central or primary circuit board making up a computer system or other complex electronic system.
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Front Side Bus
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-Describing a CPU to system bus.
-Carries all information that passes from the CPU to other devices within the system. |
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RAM
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-Random Access Memory
-Type of computer storage whose contents can be accessed in any order. |
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Hard Disk Drive
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-Type of storage device.
-Contained in an airtight enclosure and incorporates: circular platters a spindle read/write heads read/write arms electrical motors integrated electronics |
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Peripheral
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-Type of computer hardware that is added to the computer in order to expand its capabilities.
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Firewire
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-Personal computer and digital video serial bus interface standard.
-Released in 1995. -Developed by Apple Computer. -Defined in the IEEE 1394 standard. |
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USB
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-Universal Serial Bus
-Serial bus standard for connecting devices to a computer. |
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ATA
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-Advanced Technology Attachment
-Standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disk drives and CD-ROM drives inside personal computers. |
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SCSI/Scuzzy
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-Small Computer System Interface
-Provides a standard means for transferring data between devices on a computer. |
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What is the OS responsible for?
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The direct control and management of the hardware and basic system operations.
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What is the system software's purpose?
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Helps run the computer and separates it from application software which is focused on enabling the user to solve specific tasks.
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What layer of sofware is the operating system loaded into?
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-First layer.
-All other software loaded after it depends on this software to provide them with various common core services. |
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What are the two families of OS?
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Microsoft & Unix-like
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How did the Microsoft family originate?
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Originated as a graphical layer on top of the original MS operating system MS-DOS.
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What is the Unix-like operating system like?
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Behaves similar to the UNIX system, while not necessarily conforming to or certifed to any version of UNIX specification.
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What is UNIX?
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-A portable, multi-task and multi-user operating system developed by a group at AT&T Bell Labs in the 1960's.
-More diverse than Windows, with several major sub-categories (e.g.- Linux). |
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What is the Apple Mac OS X?
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A BSD variant.
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Was the original Mac OS successful?
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It was the first commercially successful operating systems which used a GUI.
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How do you use older Mac OS applications?
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Using Classic, which allows users to run Mac OS 9 within Mac OS X.
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How was OS X created?
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By combining-
-Darwin, an open source UNIX kernel based environment. -With a GUI, called Aqua by Apple Computer. |
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What is a file format?
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=A particular way to encode data for storage in a computer file.
-Represented by an extension of 2-4 letters onto the filename on most OS. |
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Why are extensions used?
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Tells the operating system which program is executed by default when opening a file.
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Bitmap/Raster
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Consists of pixels that each have a corresponding red, green, and blue value that combine to determine the color displayed by that pixel.
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Vector
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Uses geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and polygons to represent images in computer graphics (math).
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Postscript
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- .ps
-Page description language used primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. -Borders on the complexity of a separate programming language. -Used to describe the contents of a printed page in a higher level than the actual ouput bitmap. |
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TIFF
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-Tagged Image File Format
-Bitmap file format for images, created by Aldus for use with PostScript printing. -Standard for high bit-depth (32). -Widely used in Photoshop and can be directly manipulated by PostScript. |
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EPS
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-Encapsulated PostScript
-PostScript file that describes a small vector graphic, as apposed to a whole page or set of pages. |
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JPEG
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-Joint Photographic Experts Group.
-Commonly used standard method of compressing photographic images. -Most common format for storing and transmitting pohtos on the WWW. -Uses lossy compression. |
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GIF
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-Graphics Interchange Format
-Bitmap image format that is widely used on the WWW for images and animations. -L2W compression algorithm owned by CompuServ and Unisys, and they started charging royalties. Expired in 2003. |
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PNG
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-Portable Network Graphics
-Created to replace the GIF -Offers better compression and more features. |
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PICT
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-Used primarily to exchange graphic information between various Macintosh applications.
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What did Apple replace PICT with?
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PDF
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BMP
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-Commonly used by Microsoft Windowsp grams, and the Windows operating system itself
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PSD
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-File format of Adobe Photoshop.
-Allows layering. -Supported by very few programs other than PS. |
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AI
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Vector format for Adobe Illustrator.
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INDD
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File format for Adobe InDesign.
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PDF
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-Portable Document Format
-Developed by Adobe Systems for representing documents that is independent of original software, hardware and OS. -Describe documents comtaining any combination of text, graphics and images. (Combination of three technologies) -Can be one or a bunch of pages, simple or complex... -A cut-down form of PostScript for generating the layout and graphics. -Can embed fonts. |
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Display
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-Display, monitor, or screen that is a computer peripheral device capable of showing still or moving images generated by a computer and processed by the graphics card.
-Generally conform to one or more standards. |
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Display Types
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-CRT- Cathrode Ray Tube
-LCD- Liquid crystal display -Plasma display -Projector |
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Resolution
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-The number of pixels that can be displayed on the screen.
-Can be represented as a single number or as a pair of numbers. -The more pixels you have to start off with, the better you are. -Common: 640x480 VGA, 800x600 SVGA, 1024x768 XGA or XVGA. |
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Pixels
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-One of the many tiny dots that make up the representation of a picture in a computer's memory.
-So small they appear to be a smooth image. |
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RGB
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-Red, Green & Blue
-Can produce many of the colors between its black level and white point. -Typical display hardware uses 24 bits of information for each pixel. 8 bits for each color, giving a range of 256 color values for each color. -Approximately 16.7 colors can be reproduced. -Additive, where colors are combined to create other colors. Colors chosen because each one corresponds roughtly with one of th three types of color-sensitive cones in the human eye. |
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CMYK
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-Subractive color model used in color printing.
-Cyan, Magenta, Yellow & Key (black) -Works through light absorption. The colors that are seen are from the part of light that is not absorbed. -4 color printing uses a fourth black ink in addition to the subtrative primaries. (key). |
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Color Perception
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-The color on the screen is often different from the color of the same object on a printout.
-RBG color is made by the projection of light while CMYK works by the absorption of it. |