Gpc Ii Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs

Front 1

What is the "classic agent" of the chemotherapy drugs?

Back 1

Alkylating agent

Front 2

What is the MOA of alkylating agents?

Back 2

Binds to DNA (and even RNA) and prevent the unwinding of the DNA molecule.

Front 3

Are nitrogen mustards phase specific?
What are the adv effects of nitrogen mustards?

Back 3

No, they are phase-nonspecific

NV, BMS, infertility (reproductive failure)

Front 4

List the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents

Back 4

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, CTX)
Chlorambucil
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Mechlorethamine
Melphalan

Front 5

List the estrogen/nitrogen mustard alkylating agent(s)

Back 5

Estramustine (Emcyt)

Front 6

List the following alkylating agents: nitrosureas

Back 6

Carmustine
Lomustine

They are P-nonspecific or G1-Specific

Front 7

List the following alkylating agents: alkyl sulfonates

Back 7

Busulfan

Front 8

List the following alkylating agents: Triazenes

Back 8

Dacarbazine

Front 9

What are "pseudo" alkylating agents? Give one example

Back 9

Not true alkylating agents, but they have a similar MOA.

They do not share cross-resistance to alkylating agents.

Procarbazine

Front 10

What are antimetabolite agents? What is their MOA?

Back 10

They resemble naturally occurring nuclear structural components or "metabolites" like the nucleotide bases.

MOA: they inhibit enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA and proteins

Front 11

List the following antimetabolite agents: pyrimidine (Uracil) analogs

Back 11

Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Capecitabine - a prodrug of 5-FU

Front 12

List the following antimetabolite agents: pyrimidine (Cytidine) analog

Back 12

Cytarabine (arabinosyl cytosine, cytosine arabinoside, ara-C)

Gemcitabine

Front 13

List the following antimetabolite agents: purine (Guanine) analog

Back 13

6-mercaptopurine
6-thioguanine

Front 14

List the following antimetabolite agents: purine (Adenine) analog

Back 14

Fludarabine monophosphate
Cladribine

Front 15

List the following antimetabolite agents: folic acid antagonists

Back 15

Methotrexate (MTX)
Permetrexed (Alimta)

Front 16

What are antitumor antibiotics? MOA? What are its two main classes of agents?

Back 16

Antitumor antibiotics are fermentation products of Streptomyces species.

MOA: intercalating topoisomerase II inhibitors

Anthracyclines, Anthracenediones

Front 17

What are some side effects of anthracyclines and anthracenediones?

Back 17

Cardiotoxicity, red urine (anthracyclines), blue urine (anthracenedione)

Front 18

List the anthracyclines

Back 18

Daunorubicin HCl
Liposomal Daunorubicin citrate (DaunoXome)

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria)
Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil)

Idarubicin*
Epirubicin*
* have lower cardiotoxicity

Front 19

List the anthracenediones

Back 19

Mitoxantrone

Front 20

What is the phase specificity for antimetabolite agents?

Back 20

S-phase

Front 21

What is another antitumor antibiotic other than anthracyclines and anthracenediones?

Back 21

Bleomycin sulfate

Front 22

Name the two epipodophyllotoxins drugs of the DNA topoisomerase inhibitors

Back 22

Etoposide (VP-16)
Teniposide

Front 23

What are epipodophyllotoxins derived from? Which topoisomerase do they inhibit?

Back 23

Plant alkaloids

Topoisomerase II inhibitors (G2 specific)

Front 24

Name the two camptothecin drugs of the DNA topoisomerase inhibitors. Which topoisomerase do they inhibit?

Back 24

Irinotecan
Topotecan

Topoisomerase I (mostly S specific)

Front 25

What phase do anti-mitotic agents act on? What are the 3 classes?

Back 25

M-phase specific

Taxanes, Vinca alkaloids, Epothilones

Front 26

What is the MOA of Taxanes? List the drugs

Back 26

Promote microtubule assembly and interfere disassembly --> forming tubulin polymerization and decreasing cell division

Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Paclitaxel (Taxol) - protein bound paclitaxel is Abraxane

Front 27

What is the MOA of Vinca alkaloids? List the drugs

Back 27

Interfere with microtubule assembly

Vinblastine (VLB, Velban)
Vincristine (VCR, Oncovin)
Vinorelbine

Front 28

What is the MOA of Epothilones? List the drugs

Back 28

Interfere with microtubule disassembly

Ixabepilone (Ixempra)

Front 29

What is the MOA of Platinum Complex drugs? Are they phase specific?

Back 29

Bind to DNA --> inter- and intra-strand platinum-DNA crosslinks --> inhibit DNA replication

P-nonspecific

Front 30

List the two Platinum Complex agents

Back 30

Cisplatin (CDPP, Platinol)
Carboplatin

Front 31

Name the two enzyme chemotherapy agents

Back 31

Asparaginase (Elspar)
Pegasparagase (Oncospar)

Front 32

Name the 3 Miscellaneous chemotherapy agents

Back 32

Hydroxyurea
Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox)
Tretinoin (All-trans-retinoic acids or ATRA)

Front 33

Name the two classes of anti-estrogen, Endocrine Therapy hormones

Back 33

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)

Pure anti-estrogens

Front 34

What are the antagonist and agonist sites of SERMs? List the drugs

Back 34

Antagonist: breast
Agonist: bone, lipid, endometrium

Tamoxifen
Toremifene (Farestron)
Raloxifene (Evista)

Front 35

List the pure anti-estrogen drug

Back 35

Fulvestrant (Faslodex)

Front 36

What is the MOA of Aromatase Inhibitors? List the drugs

Back 36

MOA: Inhibits conversion from male androgen to estrogen --> reducing [estrogen]

Anastrozole (Arimidex) - reversible
Letrozole (Femara) - reversible
Exemestane (Aromasin) - suicidal irreversible

Front 37

List the GnRH or LH-RH analogs

Back 37

Goserelin (Zoladex) - only one approved for breast cancer
Leuprolide (Lupron)
Triptorelin (Trelstar)
Histrelin (Vantas)

Front 38

List the anti-androgens

Back 38

Bicalutamide (Casodex)
Flutamide (Eulixin)
Nilutamide (Nilandron)

Front 39

List the progestin agents

Back 39

Medroxyprogesterone (Provera, Depo-provera)
Megestrol acetate (Megace)

Front 40

List the androgen agents

Back 40

Testolactone
Fluoxymesterone

Front 41

Name the only adrenal steroid inhibitor

Back 41

Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)

Front 42

Name a biological response modifier

Back 42

Interferon

Front 43

Name list the monoclonal antibodies and its targets

Back 43

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) - HER2/Neu
Bevacizumab (Avastin) - VEGF
Alemtuzumab (Campath) - CD52
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) - CD33 and calicheamicin
Rituximab (Rituxan) - CD20
Cetuximab (Erbitux) - EGFR

Front 44

List the tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Back 44

Lapatinib (Tykerb)
Erlotinib (Tarceva) - EGFR
Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec)
Sunitinib

Front 45

Name the only 26S proteosome inhibitor

Back 45

Bortezomib (Velcade)