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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what defines a benign tumor?
DOESN't penetrate adjacent tissue, although it may compress it due to it's size, and are WELL differentiated
What is a malignant tumor characterized by?
rapidly growing, infiltrating and penetrating. May be well or poorly differntiated.
What is metastasizing?
moving to a distant location
what does anaplastic mean?
poorly differentiated
what is a papilloma? (a tumor of...)
epithelium
what growth pattern is characteristic of a papilloma?
branched exophytic growth
What is a polyp? (tumor that...)
projects above the mucosal surface
what is an adenoma? (tumor that...)
demonstrates GLANDULAR differentiation
what is the term for a turmor that exhibits glandular differentiation?
adenoma
whta is a tumor that projects above mucosa?
polyp
what is a benign tumor of the epith?
papilloma
what is a teratoma? (tumor of the..)
germ cells, contains all 3 germ layers
what is a benign tumor of the germ cells?
teratoma
what is a hamartoma?
Overproliferation of DISORGANIZED, mature cells in the area they would be expected - BENIGN
whta is a choristoma?
overproliferated group of mature cells in an ABNORMAL location BENIGN
what is the difference between choristoma and hamartoma?
LOCATION - hamar in the approp place, choristoma not
What type of tumor is commonly found in edentulous patients? why would it be found there?
choristoma, because of the stimulus of chewing against the irdge
what is a malignant tumor of hte epith?
Carcinoma
what would be a malignant tumor of epith region that is of glanular differentiation?
adenocarcinoma
what is more common, sarcoma or carcinoma?
carcinoma
what is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin?
sarcoma
what are 3 examples of sarcomas?
osteo, chondro, fibrosarcoma
why are sarcomas less common than carcinoma?
because the sights are inside the body (vs. epith) which are outside/exposed to more irritants
what are the 2 types of fibrosarcomas?
leiomyomas - uterine/smooth muscle
rabulomyomas - skeletal muscle
what's a rabulomyoma?
fibrosarcoma of skeletal muscle
what is a leiomyoma?
fibrosarcoma of uterine/smooth muscle
what are some pleomorphisms of malignancy?
increased nuc:cytoplasm
hyperchromatic nuclei
abnormal mitosis features
More ribosomes
Why does necrosis occur in malignant cells?
cells outgrow their own blood supply
what is a tumor marker?
trace of neoplasm product in bodily fluid
How do carcinomas metastasize?
via lymphatics
OR
RCC - via renal vein
HCC - via portal vein
how do sarcomas metastasize?
via the blood BUT not via arteries due to htick walls
where is gastric cancer first seen spreading to?
the liver - via portal vein
what part of a lymph node is the site of earliest manifestations of metastatic carcinoma?
Subcapsular sinus of efferent vessels
What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 1 cancer?
T1 or T2
No
Mo
What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 2 cancer?
T3
No
Mo
What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 3 cancer?
T1 or T2 or T3
N1
Mo

OR
T4
No or N1
Mo
What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 4 cancer?
Tany
Nany
M1
OR
Tany
N2 N3
Mo or M1
What is grading of cancer (vs. staging)
grading describes cellular differentiation of the cancer, architectural,
cytology (degree of pleomorphism)
Mitotic index,
tumor-host interface
What is the Abl protein?
protein involved in CHROMO TRANSLOCATION of oncogenes - regulates migration, cell progresision/apoptosis etc.
How is the Abl Protein effected in cancer?
it is CONSTITUOIS therefore the cell has continuous growth
How is tyrosine kinase involved in cancer?
it is constiuitive, therefore the cell is self sufficient to grow
what do Abl protein and MYC have in common?b
both mutated to become constitutive and thuys lead to unregulated growth
What oncogene is assoc w/ 20-30% of breast cancers, that is amplified and ison chromo 17?
HER2
what is p53?
a T.S.G
What is the 2 hit hypothesis?
used to explain the RB gene - 1 bad gene plus the other one getting insulted
what do e6/e7 do?
htey deactivate T.S.G's