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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what defines a benign tumor?
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DOESN't penetrate adjacent tissue, although it may compress it due to it's size, and are WELL differentiated
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What is a malignant tumor characterized by?
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rapidly growing, infiltrating and penetrating. May be well or poorly differntiated.
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What is metastasizing?
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moving to a distant location
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what does anaplastic mean?
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poorly differentiated
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what is a papilloma? (a tumor of...)
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epithelium
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what growth pattern is characteristic of a papilloma?
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branched exophytic growth
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What is a polyp? (tumor that...)
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projects above the mucosal surface
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what is an adenoma? (tumor that...)
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demonstrates GLANDULAR differentiation
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what is the term for a turmor that exhibits glandular differentiation?
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adenoma
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whta is a tumor that projects above mucosa?
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polyp
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what is a benign tumor of the epith?
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papilloma
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what is a teratoma? (tumor of the..)
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germ cells, contains all 3 germ layers
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what is a benign tumor of the germ cells?
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teratoma
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what is a hamartoma?
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Overproliferation of DISORGANIZED, mature cells in the area they would be expected - BENIGN
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whta is a choristoma?
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overproliferated group of mature cells in an ABNORMAL location BENIGN
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what is the difference between choristoma and hamartoma?
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LOCATION - hamar in the approp place, choristoma not
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What type of tumor is commonly found in edentulous patients? why would it be found there?
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choristoma, because of the stimulus of chewing against the irdge
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what is a malignant tumor of hte epith?
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Carcinoma
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what would be a malignant tumor of epith region that is of glanular differentiation?
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adenocarcinoma
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what is more common, sarcoma or carcinoma?
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carcinoma
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what is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin?
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sarcoma
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what are 3 examples of sarcomas?
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osteo, chondro, fibrosarcoma
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why are sarcomas less common than carcinoma?
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because the sights are inside the body (vs. epith) which are outside/exposed to more irritants
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what are the 2 types of fibrosarcomas?
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leiomyomas - uterine/smooth muscle
rabulomyomas - skeletal muscle |
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what's a rabulomyoma?
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fibrosarcoma of skeletal muscle
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what is a leiomyoma?
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fibrosarcoma of uterine/smooth muscle
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what are some pleomorphisms of malignancy?
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increased nuc:cytoplasm
hyperchromatic nuclei abnormal mitosis features More ribosomes |
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Why does necrosis occur in malignant cells?
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cells outgrow their own blood supply
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what is a tumor marker?
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trace of neoplasm product in bodily fluid
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How do carcinomas metastasize?
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via lymphatics
OR RCC - via renal vein HCC - via portal vein |
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how do sarcomas metastasize?
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via the blood BUT not via arteries due to htick walls
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where is gastric cancer first seen spreading to?
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the liver - via portal vein
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what part of a lymph node is the site of earliest manifestations of metastatic carcinoma?
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Subcapsular sinus of efferent vessels
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What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 1 cancer?
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T1 or T2
No Mo |
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What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 2 cancer?
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T3
No Mo |
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What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 3 cancer?
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T1 or T2 or T3
N1 Mo OR T4 No or N1 Mo |
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What is the T/N/M designation of Stage 4 cancer?
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Tany
Nany M1 OR Tany N2 N3 Mo or M1 |
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What is grading of cancer (vs. staging)
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grading describes cellular differentiation of the cancer, architectural,
cytology (degree of pleomorphism) Mitotic index, tumor-host interface |
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What is the Abl protein?
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protein involved in CHROMO TRANSLOCATION of oncogenes - regulates migration, cell progresision/apoptosis etc.
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How is the Abl Protein effected in cancer?
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it is CONSTITUOIS therefore the cell has continuous growth
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How is tyrosine kinase involved in cancer?
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it is constiuitive, therefore the cell is self sufficient to grow
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what do Abl protein and MYC have in common?b
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both mutated to become constitutive and thuys lead to unregulated growth
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What oncogene is assoc w/ 20-30% of breast cancers, that is amplified and ison chromo 17?
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HER2
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what is p53?
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a T.S.G
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What is the 2 hit hypothesis?
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used to explain the RB gene - 1 bad gene plus the other one getting insulted
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what do e6/e7 do?
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htey deactivate T.S.G's
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