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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interest Group
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Any organization that actively seeks to influence public policy or government in general
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5 things interest groups do
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Educate public
influence policy making act as watch dogs provide a means for political participation provide a voice for constituents |
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3 characteristics of interest groups
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Voluntary
Main goal is to influence gov members share common belief |
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Reasons for the increase of interest groups
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1. Disturbance Theory - for every interest group one has been created in opposition. Many have been created so they can get their share of resources
2. Nature of US Gov 3. Unify sub-groups in a complex society 4. the changing social characteristics of our society |
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barriers as to why people don't join interest groups
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1. Cost- Time
2.Lack of political efficacy - apathy 3. Free rider problem - allowing other people to do work on your behalf |
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ways interest groups overcome barriers
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1. offering benefits or rewards
2. material reward (discounts) 3. solidarity benefits (create cohesiveness) (dinners, competitions, classes or workshops) 4. purposive benefits - warm and fuzzy - the feeling you did your part |
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lobbying
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The process by which interest group members or lobbyists attempt to influence public policy through contacts with public officials
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inside lobbying
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direct tactic - direct communication between organized interests and policy makers, which is based on the assumed value of close inside contacts with policymakerrs
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outside lobbying
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indirect tactic - does not have realitionship with someone in power. Attempt to appeal to the public. Also known as grassroots lobbying. Rallies, parades, boycotts, petitions are examples of outside lobbying
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PAC
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Political action committee - closely associated with an interest group.
middle men between an interest group collect fees and donate to various candidates |
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Media
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all forms of communication w/ the general public including TV, radio, newspapers, books, magazines, motion pictures
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Print Media
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1704 1st newspaper "Boston News Letter"
1725 3 newspapers 1775 50 newspapers in 13 colonies early on they were not controversial, they did not speak out against the govt govt gave them printing jobs |
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Party Press
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distributed by the various parties
geared toward the elites |
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Penny Presses
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geared toward common people
took out business section and replaced them with comics |
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Papers used Advertisment
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change how papers ran
in the 19th century the telegraph was invented papers started to become more fact based |
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Yellow Journalism
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the use of sensationalism to sell papers
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Radio
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1900 1st experimental radio transmission
After the war people rushed to set up stations 1920 The radio broadcast the first presidential election returns 1923 566 radio stations 1924 2.5 million people had radio receivers |
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Radio Act of 1927
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Govt steps in to regulate the fast growing industry
just like newspapers radio stations merged or went out of business |
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Television
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1940 - commercial TV broadcasting began
1950 - 9% of Americans had TVs 1958 - 4 million families had TVs Today 90% of people have TVs |
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Internet
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Developed in the Early 1980s
Dept of Defense wanted to link together w/ the pentagon late 80s it had wide spread commercial use it became popular in part due to PCs today because of social networking sites |
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Functions of Media
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Entertainment - provides us with escapism
Educators / Informs - makes the public aware Socialization - to help us develop our belief system Persuade - to convince the public to view things in a certain light. Watchdog / Surveillance - to point out wrong doing, to expose issues, investigative reporters, those reporters that attempt to uncover situations Muckraking - Roosevelt used this term to describe reporters that he felt went to far stirring up filth. Partisan - the media's attempt to get the public to adopt a certain viewpoint Signaling - the medias obligation to alert the public to current events or late breaking news Common Carrier - media is an open channel of communication in which politicians can openly talk with the public |
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Gatekeeping
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the ability of the media to allow certain info to be discussed while others are not discussed
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Agenda Setting / Framing
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the ability of the media to down play certain info and talk up other aspect
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Effects of Media
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Body Issues
Obesity Globalization Issues More Connected Not as educated |
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News
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the news media's version of reality, usually with an emphasis on timely, dramatic, and compelling events and developments
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Press
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Print, broadcast, cable, and internet organizations that are in the news-reporting business
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Partisan Press
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Newspapers and other communication media that openly support a political party and whose news tends to follow party lines
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Regulations of the Media
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FCC
Fairness doctrine Equal time Rule defamation of Character prior restraint |
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FCC
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Federal Communications Commission
they determined was is and isn't appropriate to televise, and hand out fines for violations. |
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Factors that may effect voter turnout
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litereacy test
poll tax property qualifications white primary gender desicrimination annual registration |
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Kinds of interest groups found in Texas
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Economic, Government, Citizens
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Types of economic interest groups found in Texas
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Trade
farming / agriculture business / industry religious |
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4 factors that determine the strength of an interest group in a particular state
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economoic diversification
party competition prefessionalism structure of exec branch |
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SLIGs
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State and local interest groups
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electioneering
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various activites engaged in by interest groups to try to influence the outcomes of elections
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two part competitive state (two party system)
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A state in which the two major parties switch control of state-wide elected offices and of the state legislature
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modified one party system
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A state in which one party generally wins elections
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Shivercats
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Democrats who followed Gov. Allan Shiver's example and voted for Dwight D Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956
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Yellow Dog Democrats
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People who vote straight ticket for democrats and who would vote for a yellow dog if it ran as a democrat
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Yellow Pub Republicans
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Younger voters who tend to vote straight ticket for Republican candidates
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2 types of ballot forms
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Party column, and Office Block
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Open Primary
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What we have in TX
Can vote in either primary Adv - freedom of who you vote for Disadv - open to sabotage |
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Closed Primary
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a voter can only vote in the primary in which you are a registered member
Adv. Sabotage Disadvantage - keeps people from voting in primaries no freedom of party / candidate |
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crossover voting
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A voting pattern in which voters form one party vote in the primaries of another party.
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