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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Slaughter House Cases
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Civil rights under state govt's, not U.S. Constitution, many states didnt recognize the 14th Amendment in the beginning.
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Annapolis Convention
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13 states- to create a constitution
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Enumerated Powers
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Powers delegated to Congress under Article 1.
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Lemon v. Kurtzman
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established test for govt aid to parochial schools
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Jim Crows laws
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segregation in public
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Shay's Rebellion
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need for a strong govt
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Preemption
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fed law supercedes state law
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Civil Liberties
Civil Rights |
guaranteed by the constitution.
equal treatment for race, gender etc. |
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Confederation
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league of independent states voluntarily unite to achieve certain goals
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popular sovereignty
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ultimate source of power rests with the people
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example of a Unitary System
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England Parliament is the central govt and all local govts are subordinate to Parliament
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Thomas Hobbes believed the essence of govt was what?
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To manage naturally occuring conflicts
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Sugar Act placed taxes on imported goods. What was the political significance?
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1st law passed by Parliamentto get $ from colonists, opened debate on TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION.
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U.S Constitution has been siginficant due to what?
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Its flexibility
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Common Sense
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Book that got American support for American Independence.
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Plessy v Ferguson
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ruled "seperate but equal" was constitutional.
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19th Amendment
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Women Right to Vote
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Separation of Powers principal
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all 3 branches have separate but equal power
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Great Compromise
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created 2 chamber Congress with one determined by the state population and the other by equal representation.
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University of Cali v. Bakke
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rejected racial quotas in college administration but allowed race to be a factor of several factors
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Mapp v Ohio
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exclusion rule- evidence obtained by police in violation of the Bill fo Rights is excluded in the court of law.
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Federal System
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A govt where power is divided between central authority and constituent political subunits.
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11,000 amendments proposed. How many ratified?
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27
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Native Americans got full citizenship when?
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1924
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New Jersey Plan
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equal representation regardless of state population.
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Lawerence v Texas
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Gay rights- invalidated Texas law against intimate relations between gay couples.
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Sovereignty
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Supreme political power of Govt to regulate its affairs with out outside interference.
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Miller v California
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3 prong test for sexually explicit material. 3rd prong is called the SLAPS test. "lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value"
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Voting Right Act
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removed barriers like literacy tests and poll taxes.
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Sedition
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crime of overthrowing a govt.
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Orginal intent of 14th Amendment
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protect freed slaves from discrimination.
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West Virginia v Barnette
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Jehovah Witnesses not saluting the flad in school were suspended. Supreme court held they could not be suspended.
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Dred Scott v Sandford
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Chief Justice Roger Tanney wrote black were "so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect."
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"Civil War Amendments"
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consists of 13,14,and 15, abolished slavery, extended due process and equal protection, and extended the franchise.
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administrative discretion
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when laws are vague, a fed agency usually has considerable freedon in deciding how to implement them.
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standard of evidence in a Criminal Case?
Civil Case? |
beyond a resonable doubt
perponderance of the evidence |
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War Power Resolution
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Congress limits the power of the Pres. to deploy troops with out COngressional approval.
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Bill proposed on the floor with closed rule means?
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House members are severely limited in their ability to amend the bill.
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Most common prior occupation of U.S. Presidents?
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Attorney
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Federal Agencies that are not the cabinet but they still report to the President?
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Independent Agencies
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Ab Lincoln thrived due to rare combo of factors like:
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suspending Habeas Corpus, spent Treasury $ without Congress approval, military blockades of southern ports while congress was in recess, ordered states to provide 75,000 soldiers for battle.
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Impeachment
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House can bring formal impeachment charges, but can not remove them from office.
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"A switch in time saves 9"
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After down fall of FDR, increasing the # of justices to 15.`
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Delegated Congression Power
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Congress can make the laws but they give agencies the power to make laws related to particular sphere of influence.
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Obama is President #?
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43
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Administrative Law
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laws created and related by that agency and carry the enforceability of law.
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Missouri Plan
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used to select judges. Steps: Committee chooses 3 candidates by merit, governor appoints one from the list, after 2 years the judge stands for re-election by voters.
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Purpose of the President being the Commander-in-Chief
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The military remains in control by a civilian.
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Prior to 1913 how were Senators choosen?
After 1913? |
By State Legislators
Elected by voters of individual states |
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Marbury v Madison
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Gave Supreme Court power to review all acts of Congress for thier Constitutionality.
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Why was the Senate created to move more slowly?
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Protect people from radical shifts that results from swift changes of popular opinion.
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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
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created in response to stock market crash, responsible for rule lmaking with respect to stock market and corporate book keeping practices.
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Criminal Law punishment?
Civil Law punishment? |
allows imprisonment
no imprisonments, but fines ets are permitted. |
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Who is least likely to be elscted the next President?
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Vice President
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Who is responsible for the bureacracy?
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President
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Who's next in line after the Vice President?
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Speaker of the House
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What percent of the 10,000 oe so bills introduced annually become law?
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5-10%
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How does the Secretary of each Cabinet get thier position?
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Presidential appointment, approved by the Senate.
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Define Criminal Law
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Offense against society
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House of Press Secreatary is responsible for what?
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Daily interaction with the media.
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pork-barrell legislation
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money from the fed to their state
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what majority vote does it require to override veto?
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3/4 of both houses
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writ of certiorari
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Most cases of Supreme Court are "called up"
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cloture
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stops a filibuster
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"to the victor goes the spoils" system is called what?
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Patronage
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House of Represenatives is elected how often?
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Every 2 years and usually return 9 of 10 member to office.
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Iron Triangle consists of who?
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Congress, Interest Groups, Adminstration Agencies
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Justices
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Roberts, Alito, Scalia, Thomas- Conservative
Breyer, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan- Liberal Kennedy- Swing |
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22 Amendment puts what restriction on Presisdents after Roosevelt?
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No Pres. can be elected more than twice
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12th Amendment passed after Jefferson & Adams tie for Presidency in the electoral college resulted in what?
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Runner up no longer takes office of Vice President.
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Political parties seek to win elections for what purpose?
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Influencing the outputs of Govt.
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FCC created for what?
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Regulate electronic media through licensing broad casters and creating rules for them to follow.
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Federalist #10- Madison- 2 ways to get rid of factions?
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Havingno liberty and/or giving everyone the same opinions.
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!st Presidential Elections with Political Parties?
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1792
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Early days electors cast 2 votes. Why?
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Winner got Presidency, 2nd place got Vice Presidency
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closed primary
open primary |
voter must declare party before election
doesnt matter |
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era of partisan press
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period of timebefore the civil wat whe papers were owned by major political parties and it was evident in their news.
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scientific sample
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system that uses probablity theory as a guide to selecting people from the population who will compromise the selected group.
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friend of the court
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amicus curiae
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unit rule
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candidate that wins the popular vote wins all the electoral votes for that state.
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Most influence on political values and beliefs is what?
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Parents
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1st debate televised
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1960 Nixon v Kennedy
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1894 Jackson won popualr vote for President but didnt recieve enough electoral votes, so it was thrown to the H.R. who choose Adams. What resulted?
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Jackson split form his party and created the Democratic party and won the next election.
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Low voter turn out concerns us most because why?
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it may be a symptom of a weakening democracy.
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How many hours a year do Americans devote to media?
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3,500
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muckrakers
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group of journalists in the late 1800's who investigated and exposed corporate adn political corruption in American life.
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Federalist #10, most common cause of factions?
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Property
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NY Times v U.S.
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Prior Restraint was established
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critical election theory
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an election that produces sharp changes in party loyalty
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4th branch of the Govt?
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Media is often referred to as the 4th branch of the govt. Like a check on govt powers
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Federalist #10 Madison defines a faction as
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"a group of citizens who are united by a common passion adverse to the rights of other citizens"
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How does the President win the electoral college?
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majority of the 538 votes.
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First political parties?
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Federalist and Democratic Republicans
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D.C. has how many represenatives in Congress and the electoral college?
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0 in congress and 3 in the electoral college
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Ross Perot party that impacted out come of 1992 election was called what?
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Reform Party
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agents of political socialization
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are many that impact ones socialization to politics
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Dempcratic-Republican Party split into what?
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Democratic Party and Whigs
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Early 1900's direct primary purpose?
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gave voters opportunity to select party candidates rather than the party leaders choosing who whould represent the body.
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Why didnt the framers of the Constitution anticipate the first phase of presidential elections?
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They didnt anticipate the 2 party system would emerge.
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Winner-takes-all
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congressional candidate wins plurality of the votes but not the majority, he still wins the seat.
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The Telecommunications Act of 1996
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abolished the older "fairness doctrine" that had been in effect since 1950. the ruling deregulated the information industry,
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What effect did the deregulation of Telecommunications have on the FCC?
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It transformed the FCC from a regulator of the industry inot and agressive supporter of competition with in the industry.
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How many in the Senate?
House of Represenatives? Electoral College? |
100
435 438 |
