Govt Chap 3

Front 1

delegated powers

Back 1

Powers specifically granted by the Constitution to the federal government, especially those given to Congress by Article I, Section 8.

Front 2

reserved powers

Back 2

Powers that are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states by the Constitution; they are "reserved" to the states or the people by the Tenth Amendment.

Front 3

concurrent powers

Back 3

Powers that are shared by the state and national governments.

Front 4

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Back 4

Chief Justice Marghall, after upholding Congress's right to establish a national bank, declared unconstitutional a state law that taxed the bank on the ground that it violated the national supremacy clause of Article VI.

Front 5

national supremacy

Back 5

The doctrine, set forth in Article VI of the Constitution, that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are supreme law of the land.

Front 6

cooperative ferderalism

Back 6

A form of federalism that emphasizes cooperation between the national government and the states to achieve policy goals set by the national government.

Front 7

New Federalsim

Back 7

policy theme which became popular in the 1980s and 1990s in the United States that refers to the devolution of power from the federal (central) government to the states. It relies on the Ninth Amendment and Tenth Amendment to provide a constitutional underpinning.

New federalism typically involves the Federal government providing block grants to the states to resolve a social issue. The Federal government then monitors outcomes but provides broad discretion to the states for how the programs are implemented

Front 8

Grants-in-Aid

Back 8

A sum of money that is given by a higher level of government to a lower level to be used to pay for a specific program- for example, highway construction.

Front 9

categorical grants

Back 9

grants are to be used for a specific, narrowly defined purpose.

Front 10

matching grant

Back 10

the state or local government receiving the grant is required to pay some percentage of the costs of the project.

Front 11

block grants

Back 11

a sum of money given by the federal government to a state or local government to be used for a broad, general purpose.

Front 12

Due Process Clause

Back 12

Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which declares that no state "...shall...deprive any person of life, libertey, or property without due process f law...." Also found in the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.

Front 13

Ex Post Facto Law

Back 13

A law that imposes a penalty for performing an act that was not considered crimanal when it was committed, or that increases the punishment for a crime after it has been committed. Such laws are prohibited by the Constitution.

Front 14

Original Jurisdiction

Back 14

The authority of a trial court to hear a case "in the first instance"

Front 15

Interstate Rendition Clause

Back 15

Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution which provides that an individual who is charged with a crime in one state and is found in another state may be returned to the state with jurisdiction over the crime.

Front 16

equal protection clause

Back 16

Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which declares that no state shall "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

Front 17

implied powers

Back 17

Powers given to Congress in the necessary and proper clause of article I, Section 8, of the Constitution that enable the federal government to carry out its delegated powers by any constitutional means.

Front 18

interstate compact

Back 18

an agreement between two or more states, adopted by the state legislatures and often approved by Congress, in which arrangements are made to deal with interstate problems

Front 19

full faith and credit clause

Back 19

a provision of Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution that requires states to honor the final civil rulings of other states.