Govt. Ch. 2 (Test #1)

Front 1

British Govt.

Back 1

Constitutional Monarchy
-king
-unwritten const.
-Parliament had lawmaking powers (taxation)

Front 2

British Political Tradition

Back 2

Fundamental Rights
Ordered, limited, and representative govt.

Front 3

Mercantilism

Back 3

An economic theory designed to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Front 4

Royal Colonies

Back 4

crown colonies, king appoints governor and council, allowed elected assemblies

Front 5

Proprietary Colonies

Back 5

king granted governing power to a proprietor who owned/ran the colony and established and kind of govt.

Front 6

Charter colonies

Back 6

king grants a charter to group of colonist

Front 7

Stamp Act Congress

Back 7

Meeting of reps of nine of the thirteen colonies held in Mew Your City in 1765, during which reps drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights had been violated

Front 8

New Taxes:

Back 8

Sugar act, stamp and quarter act, townshend act, tea act, coercive (intolerable) act

Front 9

Sons of Liberty was organized by:

Back 9

Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry

Front 10

Committees of Correspondence

Back 10

organizations in each of the American colonies created to keep colonists abreast of developments with the British; powerful molders of public opinion against the British

Front 11

First Continental Congress

Back 11

met in philadelphia in 1774
Drafted the "Declaration and Resolves"

Front 12

2nd Cont. Cong.

Back 12

1775 (Battle of Lexington and Concord)
- John Hancock presided
-Washington appointed commander of army
-sent Olive Branch

Front 13

Who drafted the Declaration of Independence

Back 13

Committee: Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman, and Livingston

Front 14

When was the DOI adopted?

Back 14

July 4, 1776

Front 15

The Articles of Confederation

Back 15

the compact among the thirteen colonies that created a loose league of friendships with the national govt. drawing its powers from the state.

Front 16

Confederation

Back 16

type of govt. where the national govt. derives powers from the states; a league of independent states

Front 17

Govt. under the articles:

Back 17

Congress was unicameral
-each state was sovereign
-each state had one vote
-all 13 had to agree to ammend
- no national executive or judiciary

Front 18

Problems under articles:

Back 18

-no power to tax
-no power to regulate commerce, unified monetary, trade wars
-states conduct own foreign relations

Front 19

Shay's Rebellion

Back 19

1786 rebellion in which an army of 1500 farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Springfield, MA and restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms

Front 20

Constitution:

Back 20

a document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a govt.

Front 21

Constitutional Convention:

Back 21

1787- to revise the Articles and created the constitution

Front 22

Founding Fathers:

Back 22

Adams, Jefferson, S. Adams, Henry, Lee

Front 23

Virginia Plan:

Back 23

bicameral legislature, executive and a judiciary chosen by the national legislature
-sovereignty be vested in people and not the states- based on population
-Edmund Randolph and James Madison

Front 24

New Jersey Plan

Back 24

strengthened Articles by giving congress the ability to raise revenues and would have kept unicameral legislature chosen by state legislatures
-William Patterson

Front 25

The Great Compromise

Back 25

The legislature would be bicameral with the lower house (House of Representatives) based on population and the upper house (Senate) premised on equal representation for the states.
Both houses had to pass all legislation so both small and large states were satisfied

Front 26

3/5ths compromise:

Back 26

each state to be counted as three-fifths a person for determining populations

Front 27

Separation of Powers:

Back 27

a way of dividing the power of govt. among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the const.

Front 28

Checks and Balances:

Back 28

gives each brach some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others

Front 29

Federal System:

Back 29

nat'l govt. and state govts. share power, derive authority from the people, and the powers of the gov are specified in a const.

Front 30

Principles of American Constitutionalism:

Back 30

-Popular Sovereignty
-Limited Government
-Separation of Powers
--Checks and Balances
--Federalism
-National Supremacy
-Rule of Law
-Individual Liberties

Front 31

Article I

Back 31

legislative branch

Front 32

Article II

Back 32

Executive branch

Front 33

Article III

Back 33

judicial

Front 34

Article IV

Back 34

full faith and credit, republican gov't, admission of new states

Front 35

Article V

Back 35

amendments

Front 36

Article VI

Back 36

supremacy clause

Front 37

Article VII

Back 37

ratification

Front 38

Enumerated Powers:

Back 38

specific powers listed in the constitution as granted to the new nat. gov.

Front 39

Implied powers:

Back 39

derived from enumerated powers (necessary and proper)

Front 40

Inherent Powers

Back 40

essential to the existence and efficient functioning of an office

Front 41

Necessary and Proper Clause

Back 41

Art. I Sec. 8 --> gives congress the authority to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out the enumerated powers (also, elastic clause)

Front 42

Full faith and Credit Clause

Back 42

Art. IV Ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Front 43

Supremacy clause

Back 43

Art. VI national law is supreme to all other laws passed by the states

Front 44

Federalists

Back 44

favored stronger national govt.

Front 45

Anti-Federalists

Back 45

favored strong state govt.

Front 46

Ratification Process

Back 46

sent to congress then states, nine states needed to ratify and then to take place in special conventions called in each state

Front 47

Federalist Papers

Back 47

written by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay

Front 48

First Presidential election when?

Back 48

1788

Front 49

Bill of Rights

Back 49

the first ten amendments to the constitution- ratified in 1791

Front 50

Amendments 1-8

Back 50

list number of specific rights and liberties to protect against tyranny and political oppression

Front 51

9th amendment

Back 51

list is not exclusive

Front 52

10th amendment

Back 52

reserved powers of states