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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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double jeopardy
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a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal in the first trial
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grand jury
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in TX, 12 persons who sit in pretrial proceedings to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to try an individual and return and indictment
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hung jury
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a jury that is unable to agree on a verdict after deliberation; result is a mistrial
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plea bargaining
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an agreement between prosecutor and defendant whereby defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor
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characteristics of TX judiciary
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a) TX court system described as complex and large
b) over 2,700 courts in state c) about 3,300 justices or judges practicing in state d) over 12 million cases in 2009 e) on practicing attorney in the state for every 337 people f) recently TX courts have ruled on some of the most important topics of our time |
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tort reform
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in civil law, a tort is a wrong or an injury; tort reform is an effort to limit liability in civil cases
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the criminal - what causes people to commit crimes?
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a) street gangs
b) juvenile crime c) men and crime d) crime and minority groups e) poverty f) urbanization g) illegal drugs h) white-collar crime |
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progressive tax
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tax rates that increase as income increases (income tax)
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regressive tax
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tax rates that place more of a burden on low- and middle-income taxpayers than on wealthier ones (sales tax)
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supply-side economics
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the theory that higher-income taxpayers should be taxed less because their savings and investments stimulate the economy
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severance tax
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a tax on raw materials (oil, natural gas) when they are extracted from their natural state
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selective sales tax (excise tax)
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levied on the sale, manufacture, or use of particular items, such as liquor, cigarettes, and gasoline; often "hidden" because they are included in the item's purchase price
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recedivist
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"recurring"; a person who repeats and undesirable behavior after they have been punished; also refers to the percentage of former prisoners who are arrested
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right-to-work laws
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basically, state that employees cannot be compelled to pay union fees and dues, even if under a union contract; idea is that employees shouldn't be forced to join a union to keep their jobs
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community college approach
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adding adult, continuing, and special-education courses as well as technical specialties to community colleges; increase in community college students bc of low cost and geographic location
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medicaid
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along with CHIP, is a fairly comprehensive insurance program designed to provide minimal level of care for low-income individuals/families
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social promotion
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promotion to the next grade on the basis of age rather than level of learning
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