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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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def: punishment
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punishment should fit the crime
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def: deterrence
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when potential criminals are deterred because penalties outweigh the crime
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def: rehabilitation
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turn criminals into law-abiding citizens
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def: confinement
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keeps criminals from further endangering society
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def: intensive sanctions
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an individual is not incarcerated but instead is closely monitored and must adhere to a structured schedule involving work and treatment programmes
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def: exclusionary rule
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evidence that is acquired in a manner that violates an individual's cpnstitutional rights may not be used by prosecution
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what is the crime to accounts for the most arrests?
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drunk driving
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whats the profile of typical drunk driver?
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white male over 25 years old
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what percent did schools pay for education in 2000
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50%
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def: equalization of state school aid
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the distribution of state assistance to local school districts is based on need....poorer districts receive more aid
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def: charter school
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autonomous educational institutions within the public school system that operate through contracts that give them greater flexibility.
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def: voucher programs
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provide taxpayer supported financial assistance to needy parents who wish to send their students to private schools
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def: privitization
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the practice of turning school administration over to for-profit private enterprises
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def: value added assesment
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practice of measuring knowledge and sill before students begin an educational program and again after they finis, then assess the greatness
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def: social security
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both employees and employers contribute to provide retirement benefits
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def: medicare
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a federal program,both employers and employees contribute to provide health coverage during retirement years
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def: unemplyment compensation
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provides cash benefits to laid-off workers, employers contribute to pay for benefits and finance the administration
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def: worker's compensation
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income and health benefits for those injured on the job get it?
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def: public assistance program
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serves the needy, cash assistance, medical care, food stampsm housingg assistance.
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def: supplemental security income
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provides cash assistance to the elderly, blind, and disabled
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def: temporary assistance to needy families TANF
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families with dependent children through federal block grants
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def: workfare
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requires recipients to work for their benefits
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def: medicaid
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a joint federal-state program that provides health care to the needy
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what are the 4 provisions of the clean air act of 1970
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1. air quality standards are applied antionwide
2. required states to show efforts made to comply 3. required auto manufacturers to reduce emissions by 90 % for all 1975 models or face 10k per vehicle fine 4. gave citizens right to sue polluters |
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def: supply-side economic develpment policy
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policy tools used to attract economic development within boundires, using tax abatements, loans, and lesser regulations
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demand-side development policy
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incouragiu private ubterests to develop new products ad services to respond to emerging needs
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def: environmental justice
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less income doesnt mean mor epollution
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def: yield
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tax rate x base rate
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def: elasticity
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sales vs property
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ease of administration
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low collection costs, ability to collect
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effects on economic behaviour
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collect revenues without distorting behaviour
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political acceptability
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tolerability
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equity
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taxation should be fair
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progressive tax
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tax increases and income increases
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porportional tax
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same tax rate for all elvels
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regressive
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inversely related to income
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