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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are four important types of government? |
1. Totalitarianism - dictatorship 2. Democracy - the people get a say 3. Monarchy - hereditary rulership 4. Oligarchy - small group of people control |
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What are some functions of the government (American?) |
Constitution: "form a more perfect union", "establish justice", "ensure domestic tranquility", "promote general welfare", "provide for common defense" |
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What is the difference between direct and indirect democracy? |
Indirect democracy = more common, and indirectly vote for people based on the laws that they will make. Whereas in a direct democracy people directly vote for governmental figures. |
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What is popular sovereignty? |
Basically says the people have power |
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What is majority rule? |
When more than half of a group of people vote for something. |
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What are the examples of political ideologies? |
Liberal and libertarian are basically democrats Social conservative and conservative are basically republicans |
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What is the impact of a changing racial/ethnic composition in the U.S.? |
We finally are a true 'melting pot' - possibly different voting positions for elections (like Hispanic people may sway the vote towards the left side, being anti-Trump, in states like Arizona or Utah) |
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What was the first continental congress? |
18th century congress. Really old. 12 colonies were invited with the exclusion of Georgia. Was a failure and changed within a year. |
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What was the second continental congress? |
Established 1 year after the first continental congress. Successful. Made declaration of independence and constitution. Freedom from britain - go murica!!! |
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What did the declaration of independence do? |
Declared us independent from britain - set up some guidelines. |
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What were the articles of confederation? |
Precursor to declaration of independence - tried to bring colonies together but ultimately failed. However, it did propose some ideas (such as a militia) that were included. |
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What were the Virginia and New Jersey plans? |
Virginia: give power to states based on population New Jersey: give same amt. of power to all states |
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What was the great compromise? |
Agreement between large and small states about voting representation. |
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What was the 3/5 compromise? |
A slave is 3/5 of a person |
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What are federalism, separation of power, and checks and balances (government term, not financial :-) ?) |
Federalism: earliest form of government Separation of power: power can't go to one branch of government, and it must be split up equally Checks and balances: System that keeps government from getting too powerful in one branch |
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What are enumerated and implied powers? |
Enumerated: listed in article 1.8 as powers of congress Implied: not listed in constitution but implied by what is said |
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What is the full faith and credit clause? |
States must respect other states |
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What is the supremacy clause? |
Constitutional laws have power over state laws. |
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What is the necessary and proper clause? |
Congress can make all laws that are necessary and proper |
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What is the tenth amendment? |
Expressed federalism - federal powers are only those that are given to them by U.S. constitution |
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What are concurrent powers? |
Powers that are shared by states/territories and federal government |
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What is a bill of attainder? |
Declares person/people guilty of crime and sentences them to jail without trial |
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What is an ex post facto law? |
Changes legal consequences of a case after it is decided. |
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What was decided in the Mcculloch vs. Maryland case (1819)? |
Congress has the power to create the bank |
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What was decided in the Gibbons vs. Ogden case (1824)? |
'Commerce' can be among multiple states |
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What are civil liberties? |
Personal freedoms that government can't change |
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What is the due process clause? |
"No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law" |
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What are the establishment and free exercise clauses? |
Supported freedom of religion |
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What is prior restraint? |
Censorship on expression before it takes place |
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What are libel and slander? |
Libel: written statement that declares bad/harm Slander: oral statement that declares bad/harm |
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What is the 5th amendment? |
You don't have to answer a question if you don't want to |
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What was supported in the Miranda vs. Arizona case (1966)? |
5th amendment was supported |
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What are civil rights? |
Rights to political and social freedom and equality |
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What are the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments? |
13th: no slavery 14th: everyone born in the U.S. is a free citizen 15th: citizens have right to vote |
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What are poll tax and the grandfather clause? |
Poll tax: tax black people had to pay in southern states Grandfather clause: "if your grandfather could vote, you can vote" |
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What did Plessy vs. Ferguson determine (1896)? |
Blacks and whites can be "separate but equal" |
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What was determined in the case Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)? |
Separate public schools for black and white students are unconstitutional |
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What did the equal protection clause state? |
Blacks and whites have equal protection |
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What did the civil rights act of 1964 say? |
No employment discrimination based on race or sex is allowed |
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What did title IX say? |
Permanently prohibited discrimination based on race/sex/ethnicity |
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What is affirmative action? |
Favoring members in a disadvantaged group |
