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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amnesty |
A group pardon to individuals for an offense against the government. |
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Anarchy |
Political Disorder |
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Articles of Confederation |
The first constitution of America |
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Bill of Rights |
A list ofrights to protect people from the federal government |
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Cabinet departments |
Department of State, Department of the Treasury, Department of Defense, Department of Justice, Department of the Interior, Department of Agriculture Censorship, Department of Commerce, Department of Labor, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Transportation, Department of Energy, Department of Education, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Homeland Security. |
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Characteristics of the state |
Population, Territory, Sovereignty, and Government. |
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Cloture |
The closing of the floor in the senate meaning each senator can only speak an hour; the last step before voting on a bill. |
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Committees |
The place where the bill is first brought to, worked on, and revised so it's polished before it gets to the floor (house or senate) |
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Concurrent powers |
Powers that belongs to both the state and federal government |
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Defamatory speech |
False speech that damages a person’s good name, character, or reputation. |
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Delegated powers |
Powers the Constitution grants or delegates to the national government. |
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Earmark |
Special spending projects that are set aside on behalf of individual members of Congress for their constituents. |
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Electoral College |
The people who elect the President in the general election. |
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Establishment clause |
The first amendment guarantees that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment or religion” |
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Expressed powers |
Powers directly states in the Constitution |
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Extradite |
To return accused criminals who flee across state lines back to the original state |
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Father of the constitution |
James Madison |
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Federalists |
people who endorsed the constitution |
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Filibuster |
To talk a bill to death |
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Free exercise clause |
A clause in the 1st amendment that protects free exercise of religion. |
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Freedom of assembly |
The first amendment right to assemble in peace. |
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Friend of the court |
someone who is not a party to a case and offers information that bears on the case, but who has not been solicited by any of the parties to assist a court. This may take the form of legal opinion, testimony or learned treatise. |
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Full faith and credit clause |
addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state." |
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Grand jury |
a jury of 12-23 persons who, in private, hear evidence presented by the government to determine whether persons shall be required to stand trial. If the jury believes was committed, it issues an indictment. |
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Hearings |
A session at which a committee listens to testimony from people interested in the bill. |
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House ways and means committee |
Most powerful committee in the house Can send bills forward or slow them down |
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Implied powers |
Powers that are granted by the elastic clause |
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Incorporation |
The incorporation of the bill of rights into the state governments as well a the national. The case of Gitlow v. New York made that happen. |
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Interstate compacts |
A written agreement between 2 or more states |
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Lemon test |
Have a clear secular , nonreligious purposeIn its main effect neither advance nor inhibit religionAvoid“excessive government entanglement with religion” |
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Line item veto |
A presidential veto that vetoes one particular part of a bill and lets another go through |
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Magna Carta |
A British document King John signed: Limited the power of the king. The Founding Fathers used many key ideas from it. |
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Marbury v Madison |
Established Judicial Review of the Supreme Court against Congress |
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New Jersey plan |
One chamber (unicameral) One vote per state system of congress mostly keeping the structure of the Articles of Confederation. Congress would have the power to impose taxes. Congress would elect one person for the executive branch and that person would select a limited judiciary. |
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Obligations of the national government to the states |
-Respect Geographic identity (Can't change state borders without permission) - Guarantee Each state guaranteed a republican government -Protect States from foreign invasion and Domestic violence when asked |
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Obligations of the state to the national government |
State and local government conduct pay for elections of all national government officials. The states also serve in Constitutional Amendments: three fourths (¾ or 75%) must ratify a Constitutional Amendment in order for it to be an amendment. |
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Organization of the constitution |
Preamble, Articles, Amendments |
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Patriotism |
love and support for one’s country |
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Perjury |
the offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after having taken an oath or affirmation. |
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Pocket veto |
A veto exercised by the president after Congress has adjourned; if the president takes no action for 10 days, the bill does not become law and does not return to Congress for possible override. |
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Preamble |
We the people in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and ensure domestic tranquility for ourselves and our posterity do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. |
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Precedent |
an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances. |
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Presiding officer of the senate |
Vice President |
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Privileges and immunities clause |
prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. |
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Protected speech |
Freedom of speech in the United States is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and by many state constitutions and state and federal laws. |
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Reprieve |
the postponement of legal punishment |
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Reserved powers |
Powers that belong strictly to the states |
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Rider |
A provision attached to a bill - to which it may or may not be related - in order to secure its passage or defeat. |
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Sedition |
conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch. |
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Six basic principles of the constitution |
Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Federalism, Judicial Review |
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Speaker of the house |
Paul Ryan: Presiding Officer of the House |
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Starry decisis |
the legal principle of determining points in litigation according to precedent. |
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State of the union address |
The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically give Congress information on the "state of the union" and recommend any measures that he believes are necessary and expedient. |
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Sunset laws |
A law that requires periodic checks of law or of government agencies to see if they are still necessary. |
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Supreme Court cases |
A federal court; the highest body in the judicial branch. The Supreme Court is composed of a chief justice and eight associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. |
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The amendment process |
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; |
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Civil rights act of 1964 |
is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. |
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The declaration of independence |
The Declaration of Independence is defined as the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain. An example of the Declaration of Independence was the document adopted at the Second Continental Congress on July 4th, 1776 |
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Theocracy |
A government centered around religion |
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Virginia plan |
2 chambers, the lower to be chosen by the people and the upper by the lower. Strong Executive branch and Judiciary appointed by legislator |
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1st amendment |
The freedom of religion, speech, press and right to assemble and petition the government. |
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2nd Amendment |
Right to bare arms and right to join the local militia. |
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3rd Amendment |
Right to not quarter a soldier in times of peace |
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4th Amendment |
Protection of unlawful search and seizure without warrant and privacy |
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5th Amendment |
no person be required to testify against himself or herself in a criminal case and that no person be subjected to a second trial for an offense for which he or she has been duly tried previously. |
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6th Amendment |
guarantees a citizen a speedy trial, a fair jury, an attorney if the accused person wants one, and the chance to confront the witnesses who is accusing the defendant of a crime, meaning he or she can see who is making accusations. |
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7th Amendment |
guarantees a jury trial for civil cases in the federal courts if case involves over 20 dollars |
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8th Amendment |
Protection from cruel and unusual punishment and prohibits excessive bail |
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9th Amendment |
Rights of the people that are not specifically enumerated in the United States Constitution. |
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10th Amendment |
Principle of Federalism through the provision of powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the individual states. |
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11th Amendment |
State’s Sovereign Immunity |
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12th Amendment |
Outlines procedure for electing the President and Vice President of the United States. |
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13th Amendment |
Outlawing slavery |
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14th Amendment |
Citizenship to black males, and establishing due process: Right to Life, Liberty and Property without due process. |
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15th Amendment |
Right for black males to vote |
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16th Amendment |
Income Tax |
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17th Amendment |
Direct election of the senators |
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18th amendment |
Prohibition |
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19th Amendment |
Woman's right to vote |
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20th Amendment |
moved up the beginning of each session of Congress to early January—the same day chosen as the new inauguration day for US Senators and Representatives. |
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21st Amendment |
Repeals 18th Amendment |
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22nd Amendment |
Limits the President to 2 terms per office |
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23rd Amendment |
Washington DC gets to vote for President |
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24th Amendment |
Abolishes Poll tax |
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25th Amendment |
regards presidential secession and disability as well as Vice president replacement |
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26th Amendment |
18 year olds can vote |
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27th Amendment |
Places limits on congress giving itself raises. once raise is passed can't go into effect until*Proposed in 1789, wasn't ratified until 1992 |
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the 5 powers of congress |
Make laws levee taxes Declare War Appropriate Funds Establish Lower Courts |
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the 3 powers of executive branch |
Enforce laws Commander and chief foreign Policy |
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Article I |
Article 1 describes the Legislative branch and how it consists of two houses. The House of Representatives and the Senate have the power to make the laws. |
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Article II |
Article 2 covers the Executive branch and how the Presidential election process included the Electoral College. It also includes what the President and his people can and can not do. |
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Article III |
Article 3 describes the Judicial Branch and how the Judicial system includes one supreme court. So when there is a case that is really big and they can not make a decision then the case will go to the supreme court. |
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Article IV |
Article 4 says that Congress may decide which state is admitted into the union. The rights given to states and how new states will be added to the union |
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Article V |
Article 5 states that the Amendments have to be approved by 2/3 of both houses. It requires a 3/4 majority of the states or their delegates to pass them. |
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Article VI |
Article 6 says that the Senators and Representatives have to support the Constitution. Any debts arrange prior to adaptation of the Constitution should remain valid, just like they were under the Articles of Confederation. |
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Article VII |
Article 7 describes how the Constitution takes effect after being ratified by 9 states. Explains how many state ratifications are needed in order for the proposed Constitution to take place in the United States |
