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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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House requirements and style
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-age- 25
-citizenship: 7 years -size: 435 members -length of term: 2 years -all amendments must be germane -debate style: more formal, large, dont know everyone, accusatory, free-style |
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Senate requirements and style
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-age: 30
- citizenship: 9 years - size: 100 -length of term: 6 years - amendments do not have to be germane - more informal, smaller so you know everyone, talk instead of argue and shout out |
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Powers of the House
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- Originate tax bills (not always significant because they can get changed in the Senate)
-Impeaches |
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Powers of the Senate
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- Ratify treaties - more involvement in foreign policy
-Confirm presidential appointments- more leverage with the president -Tries impeachments |
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Two theories of representation
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Delegate theory: Voice of the people
Trustee theory: What is best for the people (not always what is most popular) |
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Three types of state court systems
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- state appellate court of last resort
- intermediate appellate - original trial court |
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Three types of federal court systems
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- U.S. supreme court
- U.S. court of appeals - Federal district courts |
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two rules to move to a federal court system
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1.raise a federal claim as soon as possible
2.go through the highest court in the state system |
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two types of jurisdiction
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1. original- take a case first
2. appellate- when case is appealed |
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how supreme court decides a case
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a. submission and study of legal briefs
b. oral arguments- hour for each case to present to the supreme court c. conference d. draft opinion e. announcing the decision |
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rule of 4
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if 4 of 9 justices vote to hear a case it will go to court
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4 types of supreme court opinions
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1. majority- majority decision
2. dissenting- opposition to majority 3. concerning- differentiation from majority- voting with the majority but for a different reason 4. per curium- unsigned unanimous opinion of the court |
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Stare decisis
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let previous decision stand- used to guide lower courts
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two stage process to select federal judges
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1. president selects
2. senate confirms |
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Senatorial courtesy requirements
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- only applies to district courts (not supreme)
- senator must belong to president’s party - have to represent state where judge is from |
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factors contributing to an increase in presidential power
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A. War
B. Crisis C. Media domination D. Larger federal role |
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factors contributing to a decrease in presidential power
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A. Devolution
B. No media domination – shared with others C. Investigative journalism D. Fragmentation and polarization of our culture |
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elements of an effective president (6)
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A. Be passionate and unselfish
B. Be a conceptual thinker C. Spend political capital wisely D. Communicate clearly E. Control the flow of information F. Carefully choose staff |
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factors influencing congress
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A. Party
B. President C. Peers in Congress/Personal Relationships D. PACs and Interest Groups |
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judicial review
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1. power to determine if laws or constitutional or unconstitutional
2. came from marbury vs. madison |
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proposed reforms of congress (16)
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A. Combine authorization and appropriation processes
B. Adopt a 2-year budget C. Give committees parallel jurisdiction in the House and Senate D. Scale back the number of committees in Congress E. Reduce the size of the staff F. Limit committee assignments G. Include a germaneness rule in the Senate H. Limit the use of the filibuster I. Do away with anonymous holds on bills in the Senate J. Eliminate multiple committee referrals in the House K. Have an outside ethics committee L. Place restrictions on the revolving door M. Limit the number of amendments a Senator can offer N. No proxy voting O. Campaign finance reform P. Change seniority rule for committee chairs |
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House rules committee
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makes sure debate in the house is structured
1. schedules a bill 2. specifies length of debate 3. assigns a rule |
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3 types of rules in House Rules Committee
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1. open- amendments can be added
2. closed- no amendments can be added 3. modified- limited number of amendments can be added |
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How a bill becomes a law (in the house)
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1. bill is introduced in the house
2. bill goes to a committee (may go to multiple committees-multiple judiciary) 3.then the bill goes to subcommittees 2. committee chairs (logrolling-ill vote for your bill if you vote for mine & proxy voting- voting for an individual who is absent) 3. amendments (loving a bill to death-loading a bill down with ammendments) 4. House Rules Committee |
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How a bill becomes a law (in the senate)
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1. assigned to most relevant committee
2. committee chairs (logrolling & proxy voting) 3. amendments 4. majority & minority leaders call up a bill 5. anonymous holds can be placed on the bill 6. can debate (filibuster) motion to bring up bill 7. filibuster bill itself 8. filibuster amendments 9. invoking cloture 10. approval by both chambers – House & Senate 11. Conference Committee 12. Appointment of conferees can be filibustered 13. Conference report can be filibustered |
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invoking cloture
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shutting off a filibuster
1. need 16 signatures on petition 2. wait 2 days 3. then vote- need 60 votes 4. then 30 hours of debate left |
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Conference Committee
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-most of the time one house accepts the language of the other but about 10-12% of all bills go to conference committee
- special committee of members from each chamber that settles the differences between versions of the bill |
