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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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17th Amendment |
Direct election of senators; replaces state lawmakers |
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content neutral |
govrenment can make reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions, but cannot restrict assemblies based content |
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anti-federalists |
opposed ratification of the constitution. Patrick Henry. |
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appointing power |
president appoints top government officials with senate consent |
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bicameral |
two house legislature |
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bill of rights |
first 10 Amendments; limits power of the government; spells out basic rights |
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blog |
web-log; news and opinion website |
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brown vs. the board of education |
desegregated public schools; reversed Plessy v Ferguson; Banned seperate but equal |
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case precedent |
guide for future cases |
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citizens united v federal elections commission |
removed limits on independent spencing on politics. Super PACs |
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civil disobedience |
non-violent resistance to unjust laws |
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civil liberties |
ideas; freedom of speech, religion, etc.. |
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civil rights |
actions by govt to protect civil liberties |
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cloture |
ends a filibuster. Requires 60 votes |
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comference committee |
members of the house and senate compromise on the final wording of a bill |
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cabinet departments |
15 top govt agencies |
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devolution revolution |
1980s; Republican efforts to send powers back to the states |
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electoral college |
group that makes the formal selection of the press |
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Establishment clause |
1st Amendment; "wall of separation between church and state"; Public + private schools |
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executive order |
rule, regulation, directive signed by the president |
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exit polls |
questions asked after someone has voted; what issues determined your vote |
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free exercise clause |
1st Amendment; freedom of religion |
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federalism |
10th Amendment; division of powers between federal and state govt |
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federalists |
supporters of the ratification of the constitution' stronger national govt. Madison, Hamilton, Jay |
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filibuster |
US senate talk a bill to death; 60 votes to end debate |
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freedom of speech |
1st amendment; protects unpopular speech; "imminent lawless action" |
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grandfather clause |
used to deny blacks the right to vote; outlauwed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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habeas corpus |
government cannot detain someone without charges |
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how a bill becomes a law |
most bills die in committee; floor action = debate; senat = no time limit. Filibuster; conference committee = full vote; president action = president can sign, veto, pocket veto, or call for no action |
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impeachment |
process of removing office holders for wrongdoing; house charges them; senate holds trial |
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Jim crow laws |
segregation; Plessy v Ferguson = separate but equal; Civil Rights Act 1964 |
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John Marshall |
Chief Justice of Supreme Court |
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Judicial review |
Marshall; poser of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws |
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legislative branch |
congress = house of representatives and senate |
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libel |
false and malicious use of printed word |
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Marbury v madison |
established judicial review |
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margin of error |
97% probability with a +-3% margin of error |
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mass media |
sources of into for public TV, phone, radio, newspater, social media |
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necessary and proper clause (elastic clause) |
implied powers; allows govt to stretch powers of their power |
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open-ended question |
when pollster doesn't give answer choices |
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oversight function |
power of Congress to investigate the executive branch |
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patriot act |
post 9-11-01 law; increased govt surveillence power |
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patronage |
the winner of the presidency rewarded supports with govt jobs |
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pendleton act |
ended the spoils system; established civil service system |
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plea bargain |
a defendent agrees to plea guilty to a lesser charge |
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political action committee |
group that raises and spens money on political cause |
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political socilization |
where Americans get their politial beliefs |
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presidential cabinet |
15 posts; secretart of state; attorney general' secretary of treasury |
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presidential power |
1800s: Congress had more power 1900s - present day: President is dominant branch |
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public interest groups |
claims to represent the interests of all Americans. |
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public opinion poll |
reasonably accurate view of what the public thinks |
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random sample |
every American has equal chance of being questioned |
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recall |
A vote on whether to remove an elected state official in the middle of their term |
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referendum |
when a state puts a question on a ballot for voters to decide |
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republic |
Representative democracy |
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right of privacy |
Griswold v Connecticut = SC said this right exists under the 9th amendment; protection against unreasonable intrusion by the govt |
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separation of powers |
legislative = makes laws Executive = enforces laws judicial = interprets laws |
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soft money |
large unregulated donations to political parties; outlawed |
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special interest group |
raise and spend money, lobby for causes |
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the judicial branch |
supreme court; 9 members; judicial review; district courts, appeals court; Appelate jurisdiction: to review decisions of the lower courts; Original Jurisdiction: power to hear a case first |
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the vice presidency |
precide over the senate |
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veto |
when a president rejects a bill; congress may override by a 2/3 vote |
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voter turnout |
percentage of eligible voters who actually vote. Most popular: Presidental, Congressional/Mideterms, Primaries, state, and municiple |
