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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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refers to the government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals based on categories such as race, sex, national origin, age, religion, or sexual orientation
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Civil Rights
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one of the three Civil war amendments; specifically bans slavery in the US
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thirteenth amendment
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laws denyingmost legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the civil war
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black codes
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one of the three civil war amendments; guarantees equal protection and due process of the laws to all US citizens
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fourteenth amendment
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one of the three civil war amendments; specificaly enfranchised newly freed male slaves
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fifteenth amendment
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laws enacted by southern states that discriminated against blacks by creating "whites only" schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommondations
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Jim Crow Laws
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Name attached to five cases brought under the civil rights act of 1875. in 1883, the supreme court decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations, including theaters, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private discrimination and not stae discrimination
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civil Rights cases 1883
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a tax levied in many southern states and localities taht had to be paid before an eligible voter could case a ballot
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poll tax
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voting qualification provisions in many southern states that allowed only those whose grandfathers had voted before reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth orliteracy test
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grandfather clause
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plesse challenged a Lousiana statute requiring that railrads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites. the court found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment
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plessy. v ferguson
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the drive for voting rights for women that took place in the US from 1890 to 1920
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suffrage movement
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amendment to the constitution that guaranteed women the right to vote
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nineteenth amendment
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US supreme court decision holding that school segregation is oinherently unconstituional because it violates the fourteenth amendment's guarntee of equal protection; marked the end of legal segregation in the US
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Brown V. Board of Education
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Section of the fourteenth Amendment that guarantees taht all citizens receive "equal protetion of the laws"
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equal protection clause
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legislation passed by congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and racial discrimination in employment, education, and voting; created the Equal employment Opportunity commission
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Racial segregation that is a direct sresult of law or official policy
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de jure discrimination
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racial discrimination that results from practice (such as housing patterns or other social or institutional, non-governmental factors) rather than the law
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de facto discrimination
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federal agency created to enforce the civil rightsact of 1964, which forbids discrimination on the basis fo race, creed, national origin, religion, or sex in hiring, promotion, or firing
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Equal Employment Opportunity commission
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proposed amendment that would bar discrimination agaisnt women by federal or state governments
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Equal Rights Amendment
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category or class, such as race, that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the supreme court
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suspect classification
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a heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice
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strict scrutiny
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Provisions of the educational amendments of 1972 that bars educational instituions receiving federal funs from discriminationg against female students
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Title IX
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policies designed to give speical attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group
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affirmative action
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