Government Ch. 2 "political Culture"

Front 1

Political Culture

Back 1

widely shared views about who should govern, for what ends, and by what means

Front 2

values

Back 2

shared ideas about what is good and desirable

Front 3

beliefs

Back 3

shared ideas about what is true

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subcultures

Back 4

variations on the prevailing values and beliefs in a society

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classical liberalism

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political philosophy asserting the worth and dignity of the individual and emphasizing the rational ability of human beings to determine their own destinies

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capitalism

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economic system asserting the individual's right to own private property and to buy, sell, rent, and trade that property in a free market

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legal equality

Back 7

belief that the laws should apply equally to all persons

Front 8

political equality

Back 8

belief that every person's vote counts equally

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equality of opportunity

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elimination of artificial barriers to success in life and the opportunity for everyone to strive for success

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quality of results

Back 10

equal sharing of income and material goods regardless of one's efforts in life

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americans do not believe that government should equalize incomes

Back 11

test

Front 12

extent to which people move upward or downward in income and status over a lifetime or over generations

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social mobility

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conflict between upper and lower social classes over wealth and power

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class conflict

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awareness of one's class position and a feeling of political solidarity with others within the same class in opposition to other classes

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class consciousness

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regulating the entry of non-citizens into the country

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immigration policy

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persons residing in a nation who are not citizens

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aliens

Front 17

government forgiveness of a crime, usually granted to a group of people

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amnesty

Front 18

the unlawful entry of a person into a nation

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illegal immigration

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evidence of U.S. citizenship allowing people to travel abroad and reenter the United States

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passport

Front 20

a document or stamp on a passport allowing a person to visit a foreign country

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visa

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in politics, a reference to opposition in religious practices and symbols in public life

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secular

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consistent and integrated system of ideas, values, and beliefs

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ideology

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belief in the value of free markets, limited government, and individual self-reliance in economic affairs, combined with a belief in the value of tradition, law, and morality in social affairs

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conservatism

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belief in the value of strong government to provide economic security and protection for civil rights, combined with a belief in personal freedom from government intervention in social conduct

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liberalism

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opposing government intervention in both economic and social affairs, and favoring minimal government in all sectors in society

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libertarian

Front 26

a reference to the liberal, progressive, and/or socialist side of the political spectrum

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left

Front 27

a reference to the conservative, traditional, anticommunist side of the political spectrum

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right

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political ideology in which the state and/or race is assumed to be supreme over individuals

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fascism

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the theories of Karl Marx, among them that capitalists oppress workers and that worldwide revolution and the emergence of a classless society are inevitable

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Marxism

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the theories of Vladimir Lenin, among them being that advanced capitalist countries turned toward war and colonialism to make their own workers relatively prosperous

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Leninism

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system of government in which a single totalitarian party controls all means of production and distribution of goods and services

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communism

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system of government involving collective or government ownership of economic enterprise, with the goal being equality of results, not merely equality of opportunity

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socialism

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the collapse of communism and the worldwide movement toward free markets and political democracy

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end of history

Front 34

repression of attitudes, speech, and writings that are deemed racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise insensitive

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politically correct (PC)