Government

Front 1

Maybury Vs. Madison [*1803*]

Back 1

Established Judicial Review.

Front 2

McCulloch vs. Maryland [*1819*]

Back 2

Established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax fed. institution; John Marshall; “the power to tax involves the power to destroy.”

Front 3

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Back 3

Court struck down Ogden’s New York steamboat monopoly. Signaled Court’s broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause as encompassing all types of commercial activity.

Front 4

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Back 4

Established separate but equal doctrine.

Front 5

Schenck v. US (1919)

Back 5

Oliver Wendell Holmes; clear and present danger test; shouting “fire” in a crowded theater; limits on speech, esp. in wartime (urging men to resist the draft, war warrants abridgement of speech).

Front 6

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Back 6

Anarchist calling for overthrow of the government. Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to States); States cannot deny freedom of speech – protected through due process clause of Amendment 14

Front 7

Palko v. Connecticut (1937)

Back 7

Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be federalized – those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist.

Front 8

Brown v. Board, 1st (1954)

Back 8

School segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned separate but equal; use of 14th Amendment; judicial activism of Warren Court; unanimous decision.

Front 9

Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955)

Back 9

Ordered schools to desegregate “with all due and deliberate speed.”

Front 10

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Back 10

Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court’s judicial activism.

Front 11

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Back 11

Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of 1st Amendment’s establishment clause and the 14th Amendment’s due process clause; Warren Court’s judicial activism.

Front 12

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Back 12

“One man, one vote.” Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court’s judicial activism.

Front 13

Abbington v. Schempp (1963)

Back 13

Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause and due process clause. Warren Court’s judicial activism

Front 14

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Back 14

Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings. Warren Court’s judicial activism in criminal rights.

Front 15

Wesberry v. Sanders (1963)

Back 15

Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible (extension of Baker v. Carr to Congressional districts).