Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Affirmative Action |
policies and programs designed to expand opportunities for minorities and women |
|
|
Black Codes |
Laws enacted by the southern registrations after the Civil War that prevented former slaves from voting and holding jobs |
|
|
De facto segregation |
Segregation that results from practice rather than from law |
|
|
De jure segregation |
Segregation Act into law and imposed by the government |
|
|
Fugitive Slave Law 1850 |
The 1850 LA compelling northerners to honor southerners property claims to slaves, passed a return for the south agreeing to admit California as a free state |
|
|
Jim Crow laws |
A series of laws enacted in the late 19th century by Southern states to institute segregation, whites only |
|
|
White primary |
A practice that permitted political parties to exclude blacks from voting in primary elections |
|
|
Clear and present danger |
Under this rule, the 1st amendment does not protect speech aimed at inciting an illegal action |
|
|
Lemon test |
Education must not advance nor inhibits religion |
|
|
Penumbras |
Judiciary created rights based on various guarantees of the Bills of Rights (implied) |
|
|
Ad hoc committee |
A congressional committee appointed for a limited time to design and report a specific piece of legislation |
|
|
Cloture |
Close debate |
|
|
Earmarks |
Money set aside by Congress in the fed budget to pay for projects in home district's of a member of congress |
|
|
Pork barrel legislation |
Provides members of Congress with federal projects and programs for their districts |
|
|
Quorum |
The minimum number of congressional members who must be present for the transaction of business |
|
|
Select committee |
Temporary committee for a cause, dissolved after task complete |
|
|
Status quo bias |
Institutions bias that favors continuation of current public policy |
|
|
Gag rule |
An executive order prohibiting fed employees from communicating with congress |
|
|
Presidential memorandum |
A presidental detective to am agency telling them to change their admin |
|
|
Red tape |
Excessive paper work |
|
|
Standing |
The right to bring legal action |
|
|
Activism |
When judges deliberately shaped judicial doctrine to conform to their personal view of the Constitution |
|
|
Amicus curiae |
Friend of the court that has an interest in the outcome |
|
|
Concurring opinion |
Original pinyin buy a Supreme Court justice who agrees with the decision of the court with disagrees with the rationale for reaching that decision |
|
|
Court packing |
An attempt by president franklin R. In 1937 to remodel the fed judiciary. Purpose to alleviate overcrowding of the fed court dockets |
|
|
Dissenting opinion |
The written opinion of one or more spring Court justices who disagree with the ruling of the courts majority |
|
|
Judicial doctrine |
The practice of prescribing in a decision a set of rules that are to guide future decisions on future cases |
|
|
Rule of four |
A rule employed by the Supreme Court's stating that when 4 justices support hearing a case the certiorari petition is granted |
|
|
Senatorial courtesy |
An informal practice in which senators are given veto power over federal judicial appointments in their home states |
|
|
Solicitor General |
Lawyer for US |
|
|
State decisis |
Let the decision stand |
|
|
Substantive doctrine |
Principle that guides judges on which party in a case should prevail |
|
|
Writ of certiorari |
An order that is given by a superior court to a lower court telling the lower court to send up a case that the superior case had chosen to review |
|
|
Writ of mandamus |
Court issued Rick commanding a public official to carry out a specific act or duty |
|
|
Bureaucracy |
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. |
|
|
Antifederalists |
Loosely organized group that opposed gratification of the Constitution, Balise would jeopardize individual freedom and States rights |
|
|
civil liberties |
legal protections from government interference with personal rights and freedoms |
|
|
civil rights |
by the constitution, protects individuals from discriminatory treatment at the hands of the government |
|
|
conference committee |
temporary joint committee appointed to reconcile differences between 2 chambers |
|
|
majority leader |
leader of the party controlling a majority of seats in the house or senate |
|
|
majority whip |
party official charged with managing communications between party leaders and members |
|
|
speaker of the house |
speaker has control over the legislative agenda of the House |
|
|
Brownlow report |
liken the president to the CEO of a large corporation |
|
|
Signing statements |
A statement issued by the president that is intended to modify implementation or ignore all together provisions of a new law |
|
|
Committee and conference reports |
Documents submitted by committees that often instruct agencies how Congress expect them to use their discretion |
|
|
Fire alarm |
Type of oversight in which Congress does not act directly, but instead sets up processes that allow organized groups and private individuals to detect failures and implementation of laws |
|
|
Iron triangle |
A stable mutually beneficial political relationship among a congressional committee, and administrative agency, and organize interest concerned with a particular policy |
|
|
Limitation riders |
Amendment attached to appropriations billa which forbif an agency to spend any of the money appropriated on activity specified by Congress |
|
|
Standing |
The right to bring legal action |
|
|
activism
|
when judges deliberately shape judicial doctrine to conform to their personal view of the constitution
|
|
|
court packing plan
|
roosevelts attempted to place new justices to the high bench that were sympathetic to his new deal plans
|
|
|
procedural doctrine
|
principle of law that governs how the lower courts do their work
|
|
|
rule of 4
|
states that when four or more justices support hearing a case the certiorari petition is granted |
|
|
stare decisis
|
let the decision stand
|
