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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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unfunded mandates
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grants that impose costs on state or local governments or private entities for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government.
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Tenth Amendment
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If it's not in the constitution, it's given to the state government and not the national government
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supremacy clause
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national government is above all other government. ie-state
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sovereign immunity
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you can't sew the state unless the state okays it.
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Sixteenth Amendment
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National government implemented an income tax
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Seventeenth Amendment
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people elect the senate
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reserve(police)powers
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the capacity of a state to regulate behaviors and enforce order within its territory
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Gibbons vs. Ogden
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the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress
(steamboat and Hudson) |
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categorical grant
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the main source of federal aid to state and local government, can only be used for specific purposes and for helping education, or categories of state and local spending.
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block grant
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large sum of money granted by the national government to a regional government with only general provisions as to the way it is to be spent.
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bill of attainder
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writ of attainder) is an act of the legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them without benefit of a trial.
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social contract theory
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people give up sovereignty to a government or other authority in order to receive or maintain social order
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social conservative
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ideology that believes government and/or society have a role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values
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popular sovereignty
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belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people
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popular consent
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it is the idea that governments draw their powers from the consent of the governed
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political ideology
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aims and ideas that directs one's goals, expectations, and actions
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political equality
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granting equal citizenship
to all members of the state |
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political culture
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traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics
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personal liberty
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Freedom to behave as one pleases, circumscribed by the laws and codes of conduct of the society in which one lives
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statutory constitution
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provisions to limit government powers
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revisionist
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member of the convention who will not accept less that total revision of a current constitution
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piecemeal revision
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amendment that adds or deletes items from the constitution
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liberal constitution
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basic structure of government that allows legislature to provide details through statues.
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Constitutional Revision Commission
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group made to research and draft a constitution for a convention
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comprehensive revision
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revisions through adoption of a new constitution
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cockroach
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member of convention who opposes change
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normative
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what should be done, ideas, how to elect
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empirical
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facts-numbers
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behavioral
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why-psychology
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Aristotle's political approach
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one-few-many
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monarchy
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king-queen-one making decisions for the good of all.
good |
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aristocracy
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small group of people who are best in society making decisions for the best of all
good |
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republic
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legal orderly-form of government in which the head of state is not a monarch and the people have an impact on its government.
good |
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tyranny
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one who takes charge by force for the good of himself
bad |
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oligarchy
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few who take charge for the good of themselves
bad |
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democracy
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many who are in charge. too many people with opinions. not orderly
bad |
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3 things democracy requires
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popular sovereignty-political equality-majority rule
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classical liberalism
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true equality-liberty-freedom
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Jacksonian era
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spirit of democracy is established
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exclusionary rule
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judges will throw out illegally obtained evidence.
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referendum
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election which people make political decisions-vote to build faciliey...
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initiative
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citizens sign petition causing a referendum
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pluralism
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not informed and don't care. people made of groups who make decisons.
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elitism
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small # of people who make all the decisions
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writ of assistance
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blanketed search warrant
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articles of confederation
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-created name of USA-created weak government-made foreign powers w/policys
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amend articles
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13 states must agree unanimously
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Daniel Shays
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local hero-took group to take over capitol and failed
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congress passed resolution
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-word spread by word of mouth about shays rebellion-congress passes resolution autorizing a resolution.
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under articles
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congress had 1 house-each state got 1 vote-2/3 vote ness. to pass laws
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convention
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12 states participated-Rhodes island wouldn't-
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resolution says
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was authorized but authorized only for articles not to write constitution.
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James Madison
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-most influence over constitution-father of constitution-made Washington go to convention
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influences of founding fathers
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John Locke-compact theory-Montesquieu-English political heritage-early state/colonial experiences.
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John Locke
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natural rights theory
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natural rights theory
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men live in a state of nature. men have natural rights
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compact theory
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people form groups to form government to protect life-liberty-property
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Montesquieu
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idea of separation of powers-checks and balances concept
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English political heritage
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used many ideas from enlish laws and rules
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1st day of constitution
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made rules-voted by state-unlimited debates-act like gentlemen
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divisions
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slavery-big/small state-farm/industry
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Virginia plan
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governor of Virginia-Randolf-national gov be greater than state-limitations on state commerce and money-3 branches of government
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3 branches of government
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congress-lower-pop vote.-upper house-approved by lower house
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great compromise
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saves convention-2 houses-senate-reps-senate must approve laws-states do not have own armys
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tax compromise
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on export tax
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silences
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slavery-lack of bill of rights-juditial review-how to vote-president cabinate
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where the founding fathers motivatged to have a democracy
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no
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list of congress powers
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tax-spend-to establish laws-coin money-necessary and proper clause
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necessary and proper clause
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congress can make any law that is necessary and proper
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ex post facto laws
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can't punish if a law is passed afte the fact
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states can not
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coin own money-interfere w/inter state commerce-maintain armies-enter into agreement w/other countries-
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article 2
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establishes presidencey-electoral congress-spells out presidential power-commander and chief-diplomat
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article 3
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establishes judicial branch-suprieme court
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article 4
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full and faith credit-privilages and immunities-
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privilages and immunities
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must treat all citizens the same as we treat our own sitizens(state)
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full faith and credit law
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states honor eacho others laws
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article 5
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amending constitution
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amending constitution
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2 steps-proposed-ratified
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how many amendments
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27
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judicial interpertaion
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judes can change its belief of the words of constitiution
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informal changes
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judicial interperitaion-congressional practices-presidential practices-executive agreements-
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treaties
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ratified by 2/3 vote of senate-made by president
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supremicy clause
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national gov is superior to stae gov
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ratification
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lack of bill of rights-concentions in each statge-took 10 months-9 states messecary
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federalists
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support
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antifederalist
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nonsupportes
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factions
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groups of people who act irrationally
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cure factions
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1-remove-2-control effects
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federalism
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devided gov 2 wasy-us/state-seperation of powers-checks and balances
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unitary gov
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monarc-small countrys
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implied powers
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not clearly stated
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inherent powers
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exist becaue a gov exists
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mcculloch vs maryland
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brought about 3 principles-there is such a thing called implied powers-national supremacy-broad enterperitation of constitution
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dual federalism
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2 levels of gov-should never meet
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cooperative federalism
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state and national gov work together
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new federalism
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niexon-give states more money
reagna-give states less money |
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texas constitution
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is a mess-laws in constiution-complicated
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daniel ezar
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created politial culture
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political culture
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peoples attitude towards govenment
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individualistic
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invididual resposibility-self reliant
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traditional
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traditions and values
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moralistic
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need to improve-change
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four historic influences
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legacyof politial independance-influence of old south-frontier experience-religious heritage
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diversities
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income-most poeple are poor-culture-lrg minority pop
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