Gov. Vocab

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state

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precisely indentifies a political community that occupies a definate territory and has an organized government.

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nation

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is any sizable group of people who are united by common bonds of race,language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion.

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nation-state

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is often used to describe such a country.

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consensus

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agreement about basic beliefs have the most stable governments.

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sovereignty

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means that the state has supreme and absolute authority within its territorial boundries.

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Government

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is the institution through which the state maintains social order,provides public services,and enforce decisions that are binding on all people living within the state.

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unitary system

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of government gives all key powers to the national or central government.

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federal system

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of government divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments.

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confederacy

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a loose union of independent states.

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constitution

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is a plan that provides the rules for government.

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constitutional government

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it refers to a government in which a constitution has autority to place clearly reconized limits on the powers of those who govern.

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[reamble

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is the most constitutions contain a statement that sets forth the goals and purposes to be served by the government.

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Constitutional law

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involves the interpretation and application of the constitution.

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politics

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is the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government.

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industrialized nations

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is industrialized nations that have gererally large industries and advanced technology that provide a more cofortable way of life than developing nations.

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developing nations

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are only beginning to develop industrially.

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autocracy

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is any system of government in which the power and authority to rule are in the hands of a single individual.

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Monarchy

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is another form of autocratic Government.

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Oligarchy

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is any system of government in which a small group holds power.

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democracy

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is any system of government in which rule is by the people.

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republic

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voters are the source of the government's autority.

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free enterprise

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is the opportunity to control one's economic decisions provides a base for making independent political decisions.

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Economics

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is the study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources.

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capitalism

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this system is usually referred as free enterprise.has five main characteristics.

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Free market

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meant that buyers and sellers were free to make unlimited economic decisions in the marketplace.

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socialism

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the govrnment owns the basic means of produstion,determines the use of resources,distributes the products and wadges, and care, and welfare.

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bourgeoisie

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is the industrialized nations the population is diveided into capitalists.who own the means of production, and workers.

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proletariat

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is who work to produce the goods.

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communism

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is one class would evolve,property would all be held in common,and there would be no need for government.

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command economy

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is government planners decide how much to produce,what to produce, and how to distribute the goods and services produced.

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1.Amendment

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Freedom of Speech. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.

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2 Amendment

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Right to keep and bear arms. A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

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3.Amendment

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Conditions for quarters of soldiers

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

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4.Amendment

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Right of search and seizure regulated

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

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5.Amendment

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Provisons concerning prosecution

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

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6.Amendment

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Right to a speedy trial, witnesses, etc.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

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7.Amendment

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Right to a trial by jury

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

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8.Amendment

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Excessive bail, cruel punishment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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9.Amendment

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Rule of construction of Constitution

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

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10.Amendment

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Rights of the States under Constitution

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.