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86 Cards in this Set
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Ideologies |
: A set of basic beliefs about life, culture, govt,and society |
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Third parties |
Any political party other than one of the two major parties |
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Independent |
A voter who does not support any particular party. |
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Precinct |
A voting district |
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Moderate |
one whose beliefs fall somewhere between liberal and conservative |
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Liberal |
One who believes the national govt, should be active in promoting health, education, justice, and equal opportunities |
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Conservative |
One who believes govt should be limited, except in supporting traditional values and promoting freedom of opportunity |
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Platform |
A statement of a political party's principles,beliefs ,and positions on vital issues |
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Single-member districts |
electoral district in which only one candidate is elected to each office |
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PAC: |
organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. |
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Image |
mental picture |
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Suffrage |
the right to vote |
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Soft money |
money raised by a political party for general purposes not designated for a candidate |
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Propaganda |
the use of ideas, information, or rumors to influence opinion |
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Strong/weak party voters |
strong party voters vote for whoever is in there party where weak party voters vote for the issue at hand |
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Straight-party ticket |
one where a voter has selected candidates of his or her party only |
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Card stacking |
is a propaganda technique that seeks to manipulate audience perception of an issue by emphasizing one side and repressing another. |
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Plain folks |
A plain folks argument is one in which the speaker presents him or herself as an average Joe |
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Interest groups |
A group of people with common goals who organize to influence govt |
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Public interest groups |
A group that seeks policy goal that it believes will benefit the nation |
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Lobbyist |
interest group representative |
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Public opinion |
The ideas and attitudes a significant number of Americans hold about issues |
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Political culture |
A set of shared values and beliefs about a nation and its govt |
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Straw poll |
n unscientific attempt to measure public opinion |
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Backgrounder |
information given by top govt officials to reporters who can use it in a story, but cannot reveal their source |
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Spot advertising |
The brief, frequent, positive descriptions of a candidate or a candidate's major themes broadcast on televisions or radio |
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Electronic mailing list |
an automated email notification that provides subscribers with current information on a topic |
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Electoral college |
a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president. |
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Cabinet |
a body of advisers to the president |
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Inner cabinet |
The Secretary of State, treasury, defense, and attorney general. |
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Executive office of the president: |
consists of the immediate staff of the current President of the United States and multiple levels of support staff reporting to the President. |
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OMB |
administers the United States federal budget and oversees the performance of federal agencies. |
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White house staff |
: the staff of the white house. |
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State of the union address |
a yearly address delivered each January by the president of the US to Congress, giving the administration's view of the state of the nation and plans for legislation. |
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national security council |
advises chief executives on matters related to national security. |
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Impoundment |
the president's refusal to spend money congress has voted to fund a program. |
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Executive order |
issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law. |
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Veto |
rejection of a bill |
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executive agreement |
An agreement made between the president and a head of state. |
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treaties |
a formal agreement between govt of two or more countries |
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Pardon |
a release from legal punishment. |
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Congressional override |
when Congress passes a bill into law in spite of a president's veto. |
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Executive privilege |
withholding information in the public interest. |
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War power act |
limits the President's use of military forces |
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Jurisdiction |
the official power to make legal decisions and judgments. |
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Federal courts |
supreme court and lower court established by congress |
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Litigants |
people engaged in a lawsuit |
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State courts |
courts in state that”s powers are derived from the states individual constitutions laws |
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Majority opinion |
when more than half of the members of a court agree on a judicial opinion |
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Concurring opinion |
written opinion by one or more judges of a court which agrees with the decision made by the majority of the court. |
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Dissenting opinion |
is written by one or more judges discussing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court |
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Plessy v. ferguson |
supreme court case that established the “separate but equal” doctrine, which held that if facilities for both races were equal |
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Marbury v. Madison |
The Supreme Court first assumed power of judicial review and ruled act of Congress unconstitutional Since then the Court has invalidated 150 provisions of federal law |
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Miranda v. Arizona: |
Court ruled that police acted unconstitutionally and had violated a suspect’s rights this brought major changes in law enforcement policies and procedures across nation |
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Trial courts |
court in which a case is originally tried |
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Due process clause |
14th amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
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Grand jury |
normally of twenty-three jurors, selected to examine the validity of an accusation before trial. |
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Petit jury |
Criminal juries decide whether the defendant committed the crime as charged. |
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Legislative court |
a series of courts created by congress that help congress exercise its powers. |
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Writ of certiorari |
orders a lower court to deliver its record in a case so that the higher court may review it. |
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Precedet |
a model on which to base later decision or actions |
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Federalism |
a system in which power is divided between the national and state govt |
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Supremacy clause |
all laws passed by congress are the law of the land |
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Separation of powers |
the division of power among legislative, executive, and judicial branch. |
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Checks and balances |
the system where each branch of govt exercises some control over the others |
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Bill of Rights |
the first ten amendments to the US Constitution that give us our rights |
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Expressed powers |
powers directly stated in the constitution |
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Implied powers |
powers that the govt requires to carry out the expressed constitutional |
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Inherent powers |
powers that the national govt may exercise simply because it is a govt |
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Bicameral legislature |
a two chamber legislature |
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Gerrymandering |
to draw a district boundaries to gain advantage in elections |
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Incumbents |
elected officials that is already in office |
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Constituents |
a person whom a member of congress has been elected to represent |
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Majority leader |
the head of the majority party in a legislative body, especially the US Senate or House of Representatives. |
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Minority leader |
the head of the minority party in a legislative body, especially the US Senate or House of Representatives. |
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Standing committees |
a permanent committee in congress that oversees bills that deal with certain kinds of issues |
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Joint committees |
a committee of the house and the senate that usually acts as a study group and reports its findings back to the house and the senate. |
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Rider |
a provision included in a bill on a subject other than the one covered in the bill |
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Veto |
rejection of a bill |
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Pocket veto |
when a president kills a bill passed during the last 10 days congress is in session by simply refusing to act on it |
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Line item veto |
the power to veto only certain lines or items in a bill |
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Legislative oversight |
A continuing review by congress of how effectively the executive branch carries out the laws congress passes |
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House Ways and Means Committee |
helps with revenue |
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Appropriation |
approval of govt spending |
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Lobbyist |
interest group representative |
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PAC |
political fundraising committee established by corporations labor unions and other special interest unions. |
