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330 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does "inter arma silent leges" mean?
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In times of war, the laws are silent.
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What does "habeas corpus" mean in latin?
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you have the body
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What is a "writ of habeas corpus"?
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directed by a judge to some person who is detaining another, commanding him to bring the body of the person in his custody at a specified time to a specified place for a specified purpose
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What is the function of writ of habeas corpus become?
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writ's sole function is to release an individual from unlawful imprisonment; through this use it has come to be regarded as the great writ of liberty.
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When was the British Magna Carta formulated?
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1215
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What did the Magna Carta do?
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limited the exercise power of the monarch
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What law greatly impacted the following's designs:
1. Mayflower Compact 2. Declaration of Independence 3. Artilces of Confederation |
Magna Carta
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What is the idea known as a "compact"?
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A type of agreement that legally binds 2 or more parties to enforceable rules
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List colonies that based their first governments on the idea of a compact:
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1. Plymouth
2. Providence Plantation 3. Connecticut River towns, like New Haven |
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What did compacts originate from in the New England colonies?
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Puritan religious theocracy
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Which colonies felt that they could forge a covenant or compact among themselves to protect those "natural" liberites provided by God?
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The Puritans
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When was the Mass. Bay Co. chartered?
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1629
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Who chartered the Mass. Bay Co.?
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King Charles I of Britain
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What did the Mass. Bay Co.'s charter provide:
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1. creation of governing council
2. General court |
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What did the Mass. Bay Co.'s charter's governing council include?
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1. governor
2. deputy governor 3. 18 assistants |
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What did the Cambridge Agreement of 1629 do?
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The stockholders transferred all governing authority from the trading co. in England to the Mass. Bay Co. in the colonies.
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Who did the stockholders of the Mass. Bay Co. elect to be the 1st. governor?
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John Winthrop, an attorney
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List the colonies that developed from "royal grants"
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1. Maryland
2. New Jersey 3. Pennsylvania 4. Delaware 5. Carolinas 6. Georgia |
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What was a royal grant?
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when the king issued a warrant granting land and full governing rights to a lord or baron
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Who determined the nature of the local government in a colony based on a royal grant?
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original proprietor
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What is the term used to describe those colonies that were founded by royal grants?
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Proprietary colonies
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When did England grant Lord Baltimore his royal grant?
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1632
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When did England grant the Duke of York his royal grant?
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1664
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What was the important contribution made by the proprietary colonies in the formation of our government?
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Brought the parlimentary system with them.
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What type of government system is made up of a representative lawmaking body consisting of 2 chambers or 2 houses?
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Bicameral Legislature
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What are the 2 legislative chambers in the US bicameral body?
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1.Senate
2. House of Representatives |
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Describe the 2 bodies of government that made up the bicameral colonial legislatures?
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1. Upper house
2. Lower house |
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Who made up the Upper Houses of the colonial bicameral legislatures?
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They were appointed by the crown
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Who made up the colonial bicameral legislature's lower houses?
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members were elected based on traditional English suffrage
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Describe traditional English suffrage in the colonies?
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requries of "forty-shilling freehold", meaning that to vote one had to own at least forty shillinbgs' worth of land.
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T or F
Could women who owned 40 shillings' worth of land vote? |
No.
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T or F
Catholics, Jews, Negroes, and Native Americans could not vote in many of the colonies. |
True
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T or F
England viewed the colonies as subordinate entities with no sovereignty. |
True
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What does "sovereignty" mean?
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Independent authority
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Which 2 colonies chose their own governors?
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1. Rhode Island
2. Connecticut |
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Who was the philospher who influenced the idea that power should be spread amongst separate compartments of government rather than concentrated in one person?
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Charles de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
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Who wrote "The Spriit of Laws"?
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Montesquieu
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What are the 2 main reasons that democracy developed and flourished in the colonies?
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1. experience of settlers with self-government
2. emergence of new theories of government` |
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What is the term used to describe the group of European philosophers who reasoned that the most effective wat to create the best government was to understand human nature in a state prior to government?
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social contract theorists
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What philosophical theory provided the foundation of the Declaration of Independence?
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Social contract theory
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Who was the first of the major social contract theorists?
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Thomas Hobbes
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Who wrote "Leviathan"?
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Thomas Hobbes
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Who theorized that life without authority brings no security or liberty?
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Thomas Hobbes
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What was Hobbes's greatest contribution to social contract theory?
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The notion of equality under the law
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Who was the most influential social contract theorist?
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John Locke
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List the 2 most significant political works of Locke?
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1. Two Treatises of Government
2. Second Treatise |
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What social contract theorists believed that governments exist to preserve the rights already present in societyt under nature?
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John Locke
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Which philosopher theorized that the principle of an inalienable right to life, liberty and property?
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John Locke
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Which philosopher asserted the importance of limited government based on popular consent?
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John Locke
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What did John Locke mean by "Limited government"?
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the powers of the government should be clearly defined and bounded so that governmental authority could not intrude in the lives of private citizens
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What spread to Europe as the Seven Years' war?
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French and Indian War
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When was the French and Indian War
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1754-1763
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What is the term for a league of sovereign states that delegates powers on selectedissues to a central government?
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Confederation
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Who proposed the notion of a confederation at a meeting in Albany?
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Benjamin Franklin
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Who was the author of the so-called "Albany Plan"?
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Ben Franklin
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What was the "Albany Plan"?
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a proposal by Franklin for a 48 member Grand Legislative Council in which all colonies would be represented and whose responsibilites would include raising an army & navy, making war, and regulating trade & taxation.
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Who accepted the "Albany Plan"?
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All delegates to the meeting in Albany
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Who rejected the "Albany Plan"?
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1. colonial assemblies
2. British crown |
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What is considered to be an early draft of the the Articles of Confederation?
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Albany Plan by Franklin
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Why did Britain levy the series of taxation on the colonies?
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It was in debt from the French & Indian War
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Prior to 1763 what was Britain's primary interest in the colonies?
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1. new markets
2. source of raw materials |
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After 1763 what was Britain's primary interest in the colonies?
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a new policy of imperialism
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Who was the 1st lord of the treasury who was elected to raise taxes first on the already burdened Brithsh and then on the American colonists?
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George Greenville
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When was the Sugar Act passed?
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1764
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When was the Stamp Act passed?
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1765
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What items were to be taxed by the Sugar Act?
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1. molasses
2. raw sugar 3. foreign refined sugar |
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What act's preamble stated that the tax was to be used for "defraying the expenses of derfending and securing the colonies"?
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Sugar Act of 1764
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What act's purpose was to cover the expense of stationing British troops in America?
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Stamp Act of 1765
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List items that were to be taxed by the Stamp Act?
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All printed items including:
1. nespapers 2. almanacs 3. bonds 4. leases 5. college diplomas 6. bills of sale 7. liquor licenses 8. insurance policies 9. playing cards 10. dice |
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T or F
Playing cards and dice were not included as items to be taxed by the Stamp Act of 1765. |
False. They sure were.
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Which act, Sugar or Stamp, affected more people directly?
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Stamp because it covered all aspects of commercial trade.
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What did Parliament offer up as an alternative to taxation with representation?
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virtual representation
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Explain virtual representation?
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Parliament reasoned that members of Parliament represent the interests of the whole empire, whether the whole of Ireland or American colonies?
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Who described virtual representation as "the most contemptible ideas that ever entered the head of man?"
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William Pitt
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T or F
William Pitt was not a member of the British Parliament. |
False. He sure was
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Was the Stamp Act ever repealed?
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Yes, in 1766
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What act followed the Stamp Act's repeal that granted the kin and Parliament complete legislative authority to make laws binding to the colonies in all cases whatsoever?
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Declaratory Act
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What series of acts were to generate taxes on glass, lead, tea, and paper?
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Townsend Acts of 1767
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What acts were to generate revenue to pay for the salaries of governors?
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Townsend Acts
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What acts provoked numreous boycotts and mob action?
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Townsend Acts
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What appeared in the Pennsylvania Chronicle that challenged British authority?
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The 14 Letters of a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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Who wrote the 14 Letters of a Farmer in Pennsylvania?
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John Dickinson
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Who wrote,"For who are a free people? Not those over whom governm,ent is reasonably and equitably exercies, but those, who live under a government so consititutionalllyt checked and controlled thst proper provision is made against its being oth3erwise exercised."?
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John Dickinson
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Why did Britain send troops to the colonies in 1768?
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customs commissioners found it increasingly difficult to collect tax duties.
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What happened on March 5, 1770?
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British troops fired into a crowd of hecklers killing 5 AKA THE BOSTON MASSACRE
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Who was Crispus Attucks?
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1 of 5 colonists shot and killed by British troops on March 5, 1770 who was the son of a black father and Indian mother.
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What was the name for the incident on March 5, 1770 that left 5 colonists dead?
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The Boston Massacre
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What motivated Parliament to repeal all of the Townsend Acts except the tax on tea?
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BOSTON MASSACRE
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Who emerged as the major agitator for colonial independence in 1772?
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Samuel Adams
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Who formed the Boston Committee of Correspondence?
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Samuel Adams
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What did the Boston Committee of Correspondence do?
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published a statement of rights and grievances warning the colonist that Britain could disband colonial legislatures and take away individual rights.
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What became the 1st institutionalized mechanism for communication amoung the colonies, greatly advancing their coooperation?
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Committees of Correspondence
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What was the chief supplier of tea to the colonists?
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British East India Company
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What caused the British East India Tea Company to have to sell their tea below market value?
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Because a surplus was created by a boycott led by colonial women who purchased tea smuggled in from the Netherlands
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Who proclaimed that "rather than Freedom, we'll part from our tea.?
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Daughters of Liberty
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Describe th Boston Tea Party:
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a 1773 civil disobedience(?)in which the colonist dressed in native Americans dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor to protest inbcreased taxes
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What was the name the colonists assigned to the Coercive Acts?
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Intolerable Acts
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What laws did Parliament pass in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party?
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Coercive Acts of 1774
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Describe the conditions of the Coercive Acts?
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1. closing of Boston Harbor until tea is paid for;
2. quartering British troops in private homes 3.created position of military governor |
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Who was named the military governor by Parliament in the Coercive Acts?
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General Thomas Gage
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Who had to consent any convening of most town meetings after the passage of the Coercive Acts?
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General Thomas Gage
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What were writs of assistance?
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Blanket permission for British customs officials to search every part of a colonist's house for customs violations and any evidence of a crime, real or perceived.
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Who issued writs of assistance?
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General Thomas Gage
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What served to ignite the first intense clash between Britain and America?
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tax policies of Lord Grenville
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What revealed the real basis of the schism between the Crown and the colonies?
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Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)
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What is the name of the first meeting in Philadephia on September 5, 1774 of 56 elected delegatesd from provicial congresses or conventions of all the colonies except Georgia?
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First Continental Congress
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When was the First Continental Congress?
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1774
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Which colony did not send a delegate to the First Continental Congress?
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Georgia
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Name 6 delegates of the First Continental Congress:
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1. John Adams
2. Samuel Adams 3. John Dickinson 4. John Jay 5. Patrick Henry 6. George Washington |
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What did the First Continental Congress issue?
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Declaration of American Rights
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Who authored the Suffolk resolves?
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Paul Revere
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Who authored the Suffolk Resolves?
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Paul Revere
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Who endorsed the Suffolk Resolves?
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First Continental Congress
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Describe the Suffolk Resolves:
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1. declared the Intolerable Acts null & void;
2. supported arming Mass. to defend itself against Britain; 3. urged economic sanctions on Britain |
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T or F
After the Boston Tea Party, Britain declared Mass. to be in open rebellion, giving British troops the right to shoot rebels on sight. |
True
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What was the date that Paul Revere and others rode in the night to warn the colonists that Gen. Gage was marching west to Concord to destroy ammunition and gunpowder that was being stored?
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April 18, 1775
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T or F
Revere was able to reach the colonists to warn them that "the British were coming." |
False
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Who warned the colonists that the British were coming on the night of April 18, 1775?
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William Dawes
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T or F
Paul Revere was capture by the British before he was able to warn the colonists? |
True
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What was the "shot heard round the world."
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The shots that rang out when armed resistance by Americans occurred at Concord.
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How long after the classhes at Concord and Lexington did the 2nd Continental Congress convene?
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3 weeks, on May 10, 1775
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How many colonies were present for the 2nd Continental Congress?
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13 colonies.
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What was the purpose of the 2nd Continental Congress?
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1. sever the bonds with England,
2. declare independence |
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Who took control of the American militia gathered around Boston, and declared George Washington general and commander-in-chief?
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2nd Continental Congress
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T or F
George Washington was commander-in-chief before the signing of the Declaration of Independence |
True. It was the 2nd Continental Congress to awarded George the title.
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When was the first major confrontation between the colonials and the British?
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June 17, 1775 at the Battle of Bunker Hill
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What was the "Olive Branch Petition"?
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sent by the Colonists to the British following the Battle of Bunker Hill to avoid continuation of the conflict.
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What publication helped galvanize the idea of revolution for the colonists?
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Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine
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T or F
Common Sense was originally published citing Paine as its author? |
False, it was published annon to avoid treason
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Who wrote, "The last cord is now broken" in reference to the deteriorated relationship between the Colonists and Britain in January 1776?
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Thomas Paine
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How many copies of Common Sense were sold during its first printing?
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150,000
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On June 7, 1776, who wrote a resolution declaring that all connection between the Colonies and Gr. Britain are, and ought to be, totally dissolved?
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Richard Henry Lee, from Virginia
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When was Lee's resolution for independence passed by the 2nd Continental Congress?
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July 2, 1776.
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Who composed the committe for the 2nd Continental Congressto draft a formal proclamation declaring independence?
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1. Thomas Jefferson
2. Ben Franklin 3. John Adams |
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List the 3 general parts or
tenets or points outlined in the Declaration of Independence: |
1. renounced allegiance to the British crown;
2. justified the Revolution; 3. provided a philosoophical bais for limited government |
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What philosopher is echoed in the Declaration of Independence?
|
John Locke
|
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What is the importance of the Shay's Rebellion?
|
It was the first test of laws and order in order to suppress riot, anarchy, and confusion that was intitiated by 2500 men (farmers) in protest against deterioting economic conditions in the new country.
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Fighting a war for independence required what that the individual colonies did not have?
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Centralized government
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How many drafts were there of the Articles of Confederation?
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6 drafts
|
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When were the Art. of Confederation presented to the 2nd Continental Congress?
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July 12, 1777
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When were the Art. of Confederation adopted by the 2nd Continental Congress?
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November 15, 1777.
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When did the Art. of Confederation formally take effect?
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March 1, 1781 after all the states ratified it.
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Describe the Articles of Confederation:
|
the first constitutional framework of the new United State of America approved by the 2nd Continental Congress in 1777 that were later replaced by the current Constitution
|
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T or F
The states retained almost total sovereignty over their affairs under the Art. of Confederation |
True
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Describe the government outlined in the Art. of Confederation
|
All of the national power-executive, legeislative, and judicial- was housed in a single house of Congress in which each state had one vote.
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T or F
Under the Art. of Confederation the new United States of America could declare war but could not raise an army. |
tRUE
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T or F
Under the Art. of Confederation the new USA government could not tax. |
True
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T or F
Under the Art. of Confederation, the new USA could coin money. |
True
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T or F
Individual states could develop their own foreign policies and negotiate treaties under the Art. of Confederation. |
True
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Under the Art. of Confederation, agreement by how many states was necessary in order to pass any legislation?
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9 states
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Under the Art. of Confederation, how many states were required to amend the Art. of Confederation?
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unanimous, all 13 states.
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What countries lent money to the USA while under the Art. of Confederation to help pay for the Revolutionary War?
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France and Holland
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What did the Shays Rebellion prove?
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That the centralized government of the new USA under the Art. of Confederation was to weak to sufficiently respond.
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How many years were the Art. of Confederation in effect before it became apparent to many that things gotta change?
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6 years.
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From what part of society did the delegates of the Constitutional Convention come from?
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elite aristocracy
|
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What percentage of the total population living in the colonies at the time of the Constitutional Convention were the free, white males, over the age of 21 who owned land?
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:ess than 5 %.
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How many of the delegates of the Constitutional Convention were attorneys?
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half or 50%.
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How many participants of the Constitutional Convention were judges?
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8
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|
T or F
All of the participants of the Const. Convention owned slaves. |
False. Some did.
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What percentage of the delegates to the Const. Convention were under the age of 50yo?
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75% or 3/4 or three quarters.
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How many of the Const. Convention had also served on the Confederation Congress?
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48.
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How many former governors served as delegates to the Const. Convention?
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7
|
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How many delegates to the Const. Convention also signed the Declaration of Independence?
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6
|
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At the time of the Const. Convention what percentage of the population lived on small farms?
|
85%.
|
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T or F
Delegates of the Const. Convention included artisans, businessmen, and tradesmen? |
False. None of the delegates were any of these
|
|
How many African-Americans lived in the Colonies at the time of the Const. Convention? What was the percentage of the total population?
|
600,000 or 18% of the total population
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How many slaves were living in the south at the time of the Const. Convention?
|
520,000 were slaves
|
|
Were Native Americans originally considered as citizens in the Constitution?
|
No. They were viewed as foreigner.
|
|
Where did the mention of Native American mentioned in the original Constitution?
|
Interstate Commerce power of Art. 1 Sec. 8
|
|
T or F
Although not mentioned in the Constitution by name, the framers crafted a constitution capable of including women and other groups over time. |
True
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What is the term used to describe the proponents of a strong centralized government?
|
Nationalists
|
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Who led the Nationalists in the Const. Convention?
|
James Madison
|
|
Who was the "Father of the Constitution"?
|
James Madison
|
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What is the term used to describe the proponents of states' rights during the Const. Convention?
|
anti-nationalists
|
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Who led the antinationalists?
|
William Patterson
|
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What state was William Paterson from?
|
New Jersey
|
|
What was Paterson's arguement for anti-nationalism?
|
to protect the small staes from the proposed central government
|
|
Who was the compromiser in the negiations during the Const. Convention?
|
Roger Sherman, 66 yo, from Connecticut.
|
|
When did the Const. Convention officially open?
|
May 29, 1787
|
|
Who opened the Const. Convention with a 4 hour speech?
|
Governor Edmund Randolph of Virginia
|
|
List the 2 central question that guided the debates during the Const. Convention:
|
1. How powerful would the new national government be?;
2. How powerful would the states be? |
|
List the 2 plans that were at the center of the debates during the Const. Convention:
|
1. New Jersey Plan
2. Virginia Plan |
|
Which states favored the Virginia Plan?
|
Bigger States
|
|
Which states favored the New Jersey Plan
|
Smaller states
|
|
Who were the authors of the Virginia Plan?
|
1. Edmund Randolph
2. James Madison |
|
Cite the 6 features of the Virginia Plan
|
1. Legislative Power is derived from the people and based on popular representation;
2. Legislative structure is bicameral; 3. Executive size is undetermined, elected and removable by Congress; 4. Judiciary life tenured; able to veto state legislation in council of revision; 5. State Laws: legislation can override 6. Ratification is by the people |
|
Cite the 6 features of the New Jersey Plan:
|
1. Source of legislative power is derived from the states and is based on equal votes for each state;
2. Legislative structure is unicameral; 3. Executive is more than one person, removable by state majority; 4. Judiciary has no power over the states; 5. State laws: government can compel obediance to national laws; 6. Ratification by the states |
|
List the 3 important contributions of the structure of the Virginia Plan:
|
1. 3 branch government: executive, legislative, and judiciary;
2. checks and balances of powers; 3. separation of powers |
|
Which branch of government makes the laws:
|
Legislative
|
|
Which branch of government executes the laws?
|
Executive branch
|
|
Which branch of government interprets the laws?
|
Judiciary
|
|
Describe what checks and balances are:
|
Systems that ensure that for every power in government there is an wqual and opposite pwoer placedin a separate branch to restrain that force.
|
|
Describe what is "separation of powers"?
|
When powers are divided among the branches.
|
|
What is the name for a system of representation popular in Europe where by the number of seats in the legislature is based on the proportion of the vote received in the election:
|
Proportional representation
|
|
The executive branches in both the Virginia and New Jersey Plan had what in common?
|
Both were limited by 1 term.
|
|
Which Plan, New Jersey or Virginia plan was designed to refine and strngthen the Art. of Confederation?
|
New Jersey Plan
|
|
What is the term used to describe a combined body of judges and member of the executive branch havin g a limited veto power over national legislation and an absolute veto over state legislation as proposed in the Virgian Plan?
|
Council of Revision
|
|
Which plan called for a multiperson executive branch, V or NJ?
|
New Jersey plan
|
|
Which plan, V or NJ called for a bicameral legislature?
|
Virginia Plan
|
|
Which plan, V or NJ, called for power to tax imports be taken away from the states and given to the national government?
|
New Jersey
|
|
Which plan, V or NJ, called for national courts staffed by life tenured judges?
|
Virginia
|
|
What is the name of the feature of the Constitution that holds that in any conflict between gederal las and treaties and state laws, the will of the national government always prevails?
|
Supremacy Clause
|
|
What was the vote count when the delegates chose the Virginia Plan over the New Jersey Plan?
|
7-3
|
|
What issue needed to be addressed before success could be realized by the Const. Convention?
|
Issue of Proportional Representation
|
|
Why did the Art. of Confederation fail?
|
The propsect of a veto by each state over the action of the central government had resulted in a powerless Confederation Congress
|
|
List the states that were considered to be "big states":
|
1. Virginia
2. Carolinas 3. Georgia 4. New York 5. Pennsylvania 6. Massachusetts |
|
Who is attributed to be the reason why the small states failed early in the Const. Convention debates to get the New Jersey Plan passed?
|
Luther Martin who gave a 2-day virulent speech attacking proportional representation
|
|
Who is attributed as the driving force to defeat proportional representation of the Senate during its vote by the Const. Convention?
|
Abraham Baldwin from Georgia
|
|
What is the other name for the "Great Compromise" of the Const. Convention?
|
Connecticutt Compromise
|
|
Who advanced the Connecticutt Compromise as a plan for solving questions about representation for the House of Representatives and the Senate?
|
Roger Sherman of Connecticutt
|
|
Describe the Great Compromise of the Const. Convention?
|
a plan that upheld the large-state positionfor the House,its membnership based on propportional resentation, balanced by the small-state posture of equal representation in the Senate where each state would have 2 votes.
|
|
What was the score of the vote by the delegates of the Const. Convention to approve the Connecticutt Compromise?
|
5-4
|
|
How did the issue of slavery ADD to the south's political power?
|
Since slaves could not vote, their numbers under the 3/5's rule were being used to add to it?
|
|
Where is the 3/5's rule in the Constituion?
|
Art. 1 Sec. 2
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Originally, the Convention narrolwy voted for how many years in the term of the presidency?
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7 years which later was revised down to 4years.
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Describe the electoral college:
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Votes in the national elections are actually indirect botes for a slate of presidential elector pledge to each party's candidate. Each state gets one elector for each of its representatives and senators. The winning slate of elctors cast their votes in their state's capital after the public election.
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How many seats were there going to be in the first Congress following the Const. Convention?
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65
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Originally, what was the ratio of representatives to the House of Reps to the population in each state?
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40,000 later changed down to 30,000 at George Washington's request.
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T or F
Originally, the electoral college voted for a slate of Pres. and V. Pres. |
False.
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T or F
The runner-up of a Pres. election was named the V. Pres. in the original constitution. |
True
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Who was the oldest delegate to the Const. Convention?
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82 yo Benjamin Franklin
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How many delegates signed the Constitution?
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39
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Describe the government the framers of the Constitution constructed:
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A republican for of goenrment with built in checks and balances, in which the people hold an indirect voting power over their elected officials.
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T or F
Only the House of Representatives would be elected directly by the people, with voting qualification being determined by individual states. |
True.
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T or F
Members of the Senate were voted upon directly by the people. |
False. State legislatures decided upon the Senators.
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Which branch of government is farthest from the people in its selection?
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The Judiciary.
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T or F
The American system of government has shifted more towards a completely republican form of government. |
False. It's moved towards a more democratic, becoming more inclusive.
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List the 6 amendments to the Constitution that expanded the voting base:
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1. 15th-include newly freed slaves
2. 17th-direct popular election of Senate 3. 19th-extended right to vote to women 4. 23rd-gave D.C. representation 5. 24th-abolished poll tax 6. 26th-extended right to vote to 18yo. |
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Who wrote,"you must first enable the government to control the governed, and in the next place oblige it to control itself."
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James Madison
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What relationships are defined in the horizontal powers of our government?
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checks and balances amongst the judiciary, executive, and legislative branches
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Define the relationsip in the vertical powers of our government:
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Relationship between feds and states
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What is the formal name of the relationsihp between centralized national government and the states governments?
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federalism.
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Name the powers that are expressly granted or enumerated to the national government>
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delegated powers
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Name the powers not specifically delgated to the national governments?
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Reserved powers
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Name the powers to regulate the health, morals, public safety, and welfare of citizens that are not specifically listed in the Const.
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Police powers.
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What is the most important aspect of the vertical perspecitve of the relationship of feds to states?
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Supremacy clause-federal dictatesw will always prevail.
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What are the parts of the Constitution?
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1. Preamble
2. Articles 3. Amendments |
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How many articles are there in the Constitution?
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7
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Which 3 Articles of the Constitution apportion power among the 3 branches of government?
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First 3, Art. 1, Art. 2, Art.3
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Which articles of the Constitution appoortion power between the feds and the states?
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Art. 4 and Art. 5
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Which articles of the Constitution lay out procedures for ratifying and amending the Constitution?
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Art. 6 and Art. 7
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Which art. of the Constitution sets forth the powers of the legislative branch of government?
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Art. 1
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Which art. of the Constitution outlines the powers of the executive branch of the national government?
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Art. 2
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Which art. of the Constitution ouline the powers of the executive branch of the national government?
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Art. 2
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What is the name for the clause in Art. 1 sec.8, of the Constitution stating that Congress can "make laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing powers?
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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What is the term used to describe the inaction a president may take by not spending, or delaying to spend the full appropriation on a program he/she disagrees with?
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impounding
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Which article of the Constitution oulines the powers of the Judiciary?
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Art. 3
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Which Art. of Constitution outlines the procedure for amending the Constitution?
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Art. 5
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Which art. of the Contitutuion outlines the procedure for amending the Constitutuion?
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Art. 5
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Which art. of the Constitutuion deals with federal-state relations and the financial obligations of the new government?
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Art. 6
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Which article of the Constitution explains the process for ratifying the Constitution?
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Art. 7
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Which article contains the supremacy clause? FOR REAL!!!!
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Art. 6 clause 2
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Who were the Federalists?
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Those in favor of the Constitution, many of whom were nationalists
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Who were the Antifederalists?
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True supporters of the federal form of government, the state's rights supporters, who organized in opposition to the Constitution
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Who authored the Federalist Papers?
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1. James Madison
2. John Jay 3. Alexander Hamilton |
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Originally the Federalist Papers were published in New York newspapers under what pen name?
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Publius
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What were the Federalist Papers?
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A series of 85 essays written by Madison, Jay, and Hamilton to influence the debate for ratification of the Constitution
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List the names of 3 antifederalists who wrote in opposition to ratification of the Constitution?
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1. Luther Martin
2. Robert Yates 3. Mercy Otis Warren |
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Which, the Federalists or the Antifederalists, believed that the people had created the Constitution, NOT the states?
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Federalists
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Which group, Federalists or Antifederalists, argued that the Constitution was created by the states?
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Antifederalists
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Which group, Feds or Antifeds, sought to preserve the liberty and rights of the minorites by bostering individual state governments that would be closer to the people?
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Antifederalists
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Who believed, Feds or Antifeds, saw the states as the best protectors of personal liberty?
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Antifederalists
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What did the Federalists eventually evolve into?
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1. Federalist party
2. Whig party 3. Republican Party |
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What did the Antifederalists emerge into?
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1. Democratic-Republican Party of Jefferson
2. Democratic Pary |
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T or F
From the get go in the Constitution, terms for the House were 2 years; terms for the Senate were 6 years; and terms for the President were 4 years. |
True
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What helped to sell the ratifying of the Constitution?
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Amendments clearly defining rights
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How many states had ratified the Constitution 8 months after it was signed?
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8 states
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Which state had to rely on chasing down antifederalist assemblymen who were hiding in order to reach a quorum to vote up or down on the ratification of the Constitution?
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Pennsylvania
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Which state was the last to ratify the Constituion of the original founding states?
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Rhode Island
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How many articles are there in the Constitution?
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7
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How many amendments did Roger Sherman sift through as a member of a select committee to develop a Bill of rights?
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over 200
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How many amendements was Roger Sherman and his committee suppose to come up with originally?
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11
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Roger Sherman's committee actually chose how many amendments to Congress for consideration to make up the Bill of Rights
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17
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How many amendments of the 17 before Congress were ratified in 1791?
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10
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What is the other name for thre 1st 10 amendments of the Constitution?
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Bill of Rights
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Describe the first 8 amendments:
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guarateed a vairety of rights against governmental control and p[rovided procedural safeguards in criminal trials & against arbitrary governmental action
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Describe the 9th and 10th amendments
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were intedended to assure rights not listed in the Constitution, or ppowers not delegated to thenational government would be retained by the people.
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T or F
Washington and Jefferson believed that a new contitution needed to be written every generation or so, twenty years. |
True
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What was the 1st amendment
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Freedom of:
1. speech 2. press 3. religion 4. assemble peacfully 5. petition government to redress grievances. |
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What was the 2nd amendment?
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Right to bear arms
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list the 2 amendments that provide safeguards of personal and political freedoms?
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1st and 2nd Amendments
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What is the 3rd Amendment?
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Protection against quartering troops in private homes
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What is the 4th Amendment?
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Protection against "unreasonable" searches & seizures by the government
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What is the 5th Amendment?
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Guarantees:
1. grand jury for capital crimes 2. against double jeopardy 3. against forced to testify against oneself 4. against being deprived of life or property w/o due process of law 5. against the taking of property w/o just compensation |
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What is the 6th amendment?
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Guarantees rights in criminal trials including:
1. right to speedy and public trial 2. be informed of the nature of the charges 3. to confront witnesses 4. to compel witnesses to appear in one's defense 5. right to the assistance of counsel |
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What is the 7th Amendment?
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Right of trial by a jury of one's peers
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What is the 8th Amendment?
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Guarantees against excessive bail and the imposition of cruel and unusual punishment
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List the 5 Constitutional amendments that outline safeguards in the judicial process and against arbitrary government action?
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4th
5th 6th 7th 8th |
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What is the 9th Amendment?
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Assurance that rights not listed for protection against the power of the central government in the Constitution are still retained by the people
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What is the 10th Amendment?
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Assurance the powers not delegatred to the central goernment are reserved by the states, or to the people
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What amendments outline the description of unenumerated rights & reserved powers?
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9th
10th |
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List the steps for the amendment process of the Constitution:
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1. proposal from Congress
2. ratify by the states |
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What is the term used for amjority vote required for constitutional amendments; consists of more than a simple majority of 50% plus 1
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Super majority
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What fractional majority is required in the proposal stage of amending the Constitution?
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1. 2/3 of both houses in Congress, OR
2. 2/3 of states for a constitutional convention |
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Ratification requires what size majority?
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1. 3/4 of the state legislatures
2. 3/4 of the specially created state ratifying conventions |
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T or F
Is there a time limit for any proposed amendment process? |
No, but it can be included in the body of the proposal.
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Has any amendment been approved by consitutional convention?
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No.
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Which amendment was not passed by majority of state legislature approval
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21st which repealed Prohibition
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How many Constiutional Conventions have there been?
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One
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Why is there generally a major hesitaiton to amend the Contitution via a Constitutional Convention?
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The only example of a constitutional convention was a runaway from the Articles of Confederation. There is a real fear that the entire Constitution might end up being completely revamped
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Which amendment was actually proposed by 31 states, but fearing a Constitutional convention, Congress the next year proposed the same amendment to be ratified by the states?
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17th calling for direct election of the Senate (1911-`1912-1913)
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What have been the 4 primary purposes of the ratified amendments?
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1. expand rights & equality
2. correct flaws in, or revise, the original constitutional plan for government 3. to make public policy 4. to overturn Supreme Court decisions |
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Cite 2 recent cases where amendments were considered by Congress:
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1. overturning Supreme Court's decision on fed & state laws banning flag burning;
2. congressional term limits |
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Describe the quird in the process of passage of the 18th Amendment:
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36 states totaling 9million fewer people than the other 12 states. Those 36 minority population (special interest) ruled over the majority
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How many amendments did Congress propose to repeal the 18th amenment before the 21st passed?
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30
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What is the 11th amendment?
|
to sue a state in federal court, individuals need state consent
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What is the 12th amendment?
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requires seperate electoral college votes for Pres. and Vice Pres.
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What is the 13th amendment?
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Prohibits slavery
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What is the 14th amendment?
|
1. gives citizenship to freed slaves
2. guarantees them due process & equal protection of the laws 3. protects their privileges & immunities |
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What is the 15th Amendment?
|
Grants freed slaves the right to vote
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What is the 16th Amendment?
|
Grants Congress power to collect income tax.
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What is the 17th amendment?
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Provides for direct election of the Senate
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What is the 18th Amendment?
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Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquor
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What is the 19th amendment?
|
gave women right to vote
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What is the 20th amendment?
|
Changes inauguration date from March 4th to January 20th; and
opening day of Congress is January 3 |
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What is the 21st amendment?
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Repealed the 18th amendment (repealed prohibition)
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What is the 22nd amendment?
|
Limits the president to 2 terms
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What is the 23rd amendment?
|
Grants citizens of Washington, D.C., status in the electoral college to vote for president
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What is the 24th amendment?
|
Prohibits charging a poll tax to vote
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What is the 25th Amendment?
|
Provides for succession of president or vice president in the event of death, removal from office, incapacity, or resignation
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What is the 26th amendment?
|
Grants 18-20 year olds right to vote
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What is the 27th amendment?
|
Prohibits a pay raise voted by Congressfrom going into effect until the following session.
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What legal case's ruling defined that the Supreme Courth interprets laws and the Constitution is law. Therefore, the Court has the power to be the final interpreter of the Constition.
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Marbury v. Madison
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Who was the Supreme Court justice in Marbury v. Madison?
|
John Marshall
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What is the term used to describe the Supreme Court's power to overturn acts of the other 2 branches?
|
Judicial Review
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|
Cite 2 examples of when the Supreme Court's judicial review ruled the Pres. in violation?
|
1. Lincoln's suspension of writ of habeas corpus
2. Wilson's prosecution of draft protesters |
|
T or F
The Constitution was written by a German immigrant |
True
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|
Who hand wrote the Constitution?
|
Jacob Shallus
|
|
Cite 3 examples of presidential wars:
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1. Korea
2. Vietnam 3. Irag |
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How many words are in the Constitution?
|
4,400 words
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