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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Words used to describe the bible
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Inerrant
Inspired Infallible |
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Intrinsic Authority
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Possessed because of who they are
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Extrinsic Authority
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Ascribed by others
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Oral Tradition Theory
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Recited until written
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Bible includes (5 things)
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History
Poetry Law Teaching Prophecy |
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Synergraph
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Written by Man AND God
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Monograph
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Written by Man alone OR God alone
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Qurman Community/Essences
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Small separatist group came out of conflicts of the Maccabean revolt period
Strict observance of Jewish law Rejected temple priesthood and ritual/sacrificial system - considered it corrupt |
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Reader-Response Criticism
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Reads between the lines where evangelists have left matters unexpressed or vague
Premise: different people read texts in different ways, notice different features and ask different questions Some believe limits on meanings that one can derive from texts, others say create meaning for yourself |
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Ideological Criticism
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Reader centered, committed to reading text from particular point of view
Chosen perspective is said to privilege certain ways of thinking and seeing things Often groups who see themselves as omitted from mainstream scholarship Examples: Latin American Liberation Theology, Femenistic theology, Gay/lesbian theology |
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7 Presuppositions
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God exists
Man exists as a spiritual being Man exists by the creative work of God God CAN communicate with man God HAS communicated with man Communication has taken place in history relating to Isreal, the church and Jesus Bible = written record of communication from God to man and when rightly interpreted God speaks to us |
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Source Criticism
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Seeks to identify the sources used in putting together the Gospels
How sources were used in composition |
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Redaction Criticism
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Focuses on contribution of the authors - selecting, arranging, adapting
How did the gospel writers edit the tradition as they transcribed the text? Aim: to determine the individual patterns in theology, emphasis, perspective |
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Form Criticism
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analyzes oral tradition into forms of genres and tries to determine their original "situation in life"
Looks for: 1) loose links between passages 2) stereotyped shapes: pronouncement/miracle stories, sayings/parables, the Passion story Focus on the period before the Gospels were WRITTEN, "the oral tradition" |
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Sitz im Leben
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Situation in Life
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Narrative Criticism
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Looks to understand the text as it now is from a literary point of view
Analyzes composition and structure Focus: author or readers, plot or story line, point of view/angle of writer, characters, settings Final of form of the text is taken seriously |
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Sociological Criticism
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Study of the social environment of the Gospels and influences of societal oppositions such as wealth/poverty, freedom/slavery, honor/shame, city/country
Reflect/react to their ancient social enviornmant and culture context Models from social sciences are used to analyze ancient society and culture Aim: to help understand the social context of the Gospels |
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Rhetorical Criticism
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Uncover the influence of rhetoric upon the Gospels as to apply modern forms of rhetoric to the texts
Rhetoric: aimed to persuade, change a perspective, push a decision, advocate a position, encourage one to remain steadfast to a view already held Applied to the teachings of Jesus and speeches in Acts Aim: consider how the Gospels speak to a world well aware of rhetorical speech |
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Pharisees
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Largest sect
To separate Synagogue party Only party to survive destruction of temple after 70 AD |
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Sadducees
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Aristocrats governing Jews during NT period
Control over Temple, high priesthood and court Torah was the only authority No after life/angels/demons |
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Sanhedrin
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ancient court
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Dead Sea Scrolls
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Produced by Qumran
Discovered 1947 - SW shore of Dead Sea OT books, few books of Apocrypha, apocalyptic works, pseudopigrapha, books about the Qumran Community 1/3 books biblical - Psalms, Dueteronomy, Isaiah occur most frequently 1000 years closer to original than other copies of the Gospels in possession 24 foot long scroll of Isaiah |
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Zealots
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Violent
Rebels/bandits/terrorists, strove to overthrow oppressors military but failed |
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Languages of Palestine
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Latin
Greek Aramaic Hebrew |
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Persian Period
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450-332 BC
Cyrus conquered Babylon High priest ruled |
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Hellenistic (Greek) Period
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331-323 BC
Alexander the Great |
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Egyptian (Ptolemies) Period
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323-198 BC
Alexandria = capitol Jews = hands off approach |
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Syrian (Seleucids) Period
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198-167 BC
Palestine annexed to Syria Jewish fear and hatred of ruling powers |
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Maccabean Revolt/Hasmonean Period
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167-63 BC
Forced Hellenism on Jews Revolt in 167 led by Judas 100 years of Jewish independence |
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Religious environment of Palestine
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Pagan superpowers
Division of Jewish people into opposing groups Jews feared Romans Strong movements to maintain traditions - OT law, purity rites, temple |
